PuO2 has essential associations with cardiovascular risk factors.
•The early flattening of PuO2 can be found in more than ⅓ of asymptomatic adults.
•PuO2 alteration is as a subclinical condition of increased cardiovascular risk.
•CPET is useful for the design of preventive strategies in cardiovascular health.
AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with cardiovascular exercise limitations present oxygen pulse morphology with early flattening (plateau) during the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). Although this oxygen pulse response is well known in cardiac patients, these changes' prevalence and clinical relevance in asymptomatic individuals are not known. We aimed to quantify the proportion of asymptomatic adults with an early flattening of the oxygen pulse and investigate its association with classical cardiovascular risk factors.
MethodsWe carried out a cross-sectional study with a sample of 824 adults aged between 18 and 80 years. We assessed anthropometry, body composition, and cardiovascular risk. In addition, we obtained cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses during a ramp protocol treadmill CPET.
ResultsThe prevalence of early flattening of the oxygen pulse was 36.8%. These participants were predominantly females, older, less educated, with a higher body mass and percentage of fat and a lower percentage of lean body mass. After a multinominal multiple logistic regression analysis, we identified female sex (odds ratio, 5.46: 95% confidence interval, 3.73–7.99), low education (2.24: 1.47–3.42), dyslipidemia (1.67: 1.14–2.45), smoking (1.64: 1.00–2.69), and physical inactivity (1.39: 1.02–1.96) as the leading independent predictors of the early flattening of oxygen pulse.
ConclusionThe early flattening of oxygen pulse is common in asymptomatic adults and is highly determined by modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. These results suggest that identifying the early flattening of oxygen pulse may be helpful in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
KeywordsCardiorespiratory fitness
Exercise
VO2
Heart rate
Abbreviations∆HR/∆VO2∆ heart rate/∆ pulmonary oxygen uptake
∆VE/∆VCO2∆ minute ventilation/ ∆ carbon dioxide production
∆VE/∆lnVCventilation pattern
CPETCardiopulmonary exercise testing
DBPdiastolic blood pressure
EPIMOVEpidemiology and Human Movement
LIPAlight-intensity physical activity
MVPAmoderate-to-vigorous physical activity
PEFCO2Final expiratory pressure of carbon dioxide
PEFO2Final expiratory pressure of oxygen
SBP/HRsystolic blood pressure/heart rate
SBPsystolic blood pressure
VCO2/VO2carbon dioxide production/ pulmonary oxygen uptake
VCO2carbon dioxide production
VE/VCO2minute ventilation/ carbon dioxide production
VE/VO2minute ventilation/ pulmonary oxygen uptake
VO2/HRpulmonary oxygen uptake/heart rate
VO2pulmonary oxygen uptake
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