Bhandari N, Kabir AKMI, Salam MA. Mainstreaming nutrition into maternal and child health programmes: scaling up of exclusive breastfeeding. Matern Child Nutr. 2008;4:5–23.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Victora CG, Bahl R, Barros AJD, França GVA, Horton S, Krasevec J, et al. Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect. Lancet. 2016;387:475–90.

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

WHO. Infant and young child feeding: Key facts. 2020. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/infant-and-young-child-feeding. Accessed 2 Nov 2020.

Google Scholar 

WHO and UNICEF. Increasing commitment to breastfeeding through funding and improved policies and programmes: Global breastfeeding scorecard, 2019. 2019.

Google Scholar 

National Population Commission (NPC) [Nigeria] and ICF. Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2018. Abuja, and Rockville; 2019. https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR359/FR359.pdf. Accessed 3 Apr 2021.

Rollins NC, Bhandari N, Hajeebhoy N, Horton S, Lutter CK, Martines JC, et al. Why invest, and what it will take to improve breastfeeding practices? The Lancet. 2016;387:491–504.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kavle JA, Lacroix E, Dau H, Engmann C. Addressing barriers to exclusive breast-feeding in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and programmatic implications. Public Health Nutr. 2017;20:3120–34.

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Ogbo F, Akombi B, Ahmed K, Rwabilimbo A, Ogbo A, Uwaibi N, et al. Breastfeeding in the Community—how can partners/fathers help? A systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:413.

PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Berde AS, Yalcin SS. Determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding in Nigeria: A population-based study using the 2013 demographic and health survey data. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2016;16:32.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Joseph FI, Earland J. A qualitative exploration of the sociocultural determinants of exclusive breastfeeding practices among rural mothers. North West Nigeria Int Breastfeed J. 2019;14:38.

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Bhattacharjee NV, Schaeffer LE, Marczak LB, Ross JM, Swartz SJ, Albright J, et al. Mapping exclusive breastfeeding in Africa between 2000 and 2017. Nat Med. 2019;25:1205–12.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Street DJ, Lewallen LP. The influence of culture on breast-feeding decisions by African American and white women. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 2013;27:43–51.

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Chowdhury R, Sinha B, Sankar MJ, Taneja S, Bhandari N, Rollins N, et al. Breastfeeding and maternal health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Paediatr. 2015;104:96–113.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Primo CC, De Oliveira Nunes B, De FátimaAlmeida Lima E, Leite FMC, De Pontes MB, Brandão MAG. Which factors influence women in the decision to breastfeed? Investig y Educ en Enferm. 2016;34:198–210.

Google Scholar 

Kincaid DL. Mass media, ideation, and behavior: A longitudinal analysis of contraceptive change in the Philippines. Communic Res. 2000;27:723–63.

Article  Google Scholar 

Krenn S, Cobb L, Babalola S, Odeku M, Kusemiju B. Using behavior change communication to lead a comprehensive family planning program: the Nigerian Urban Reproductive Health Initiative. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2014;2:427–43.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Kummer S, Walter FM, Chilcot J, Scott S. Measures of psychosocial factors that may influence help-seeking behaviour in cancer: A systematic review of psychometric properties. J Health Psychol. 2017;24:79–99.

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Petrova D, Okan Y, Salamanca-Fernández E, Domínguez-López S, Sánchez M-J, Rodríguez-Barranco M. Psychological factors related to time to help-seeking for cancer symptoms: a meta-analysis across cancer sites. Health Psychol Rev. 2020;14:245–68.

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Kincaid DL. Social networks, ideation, and contraceptive behavior in Bangladesh: a longitudinal analysis. Soc Sci Med. 2000;50:215–31.

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Bongaarts J, Watkins SC. Social interactions and contemporary fertility transitions. Popul Dev Rev. 1996;22:639.

Article  Google Scholar 

Cleland J, Wilson C. Demand theories of the fertility transition: An iconoclastic view. Popul Stud (NY). 1987;41:5–30.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ajzen I. The theory of planned behavior. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process. 1991;50:179–211.

Article  Google Scholar 

Self-Efficacy BA. In: The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010. p. 801–4.

Google Scholar 

Festinger L. A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford: Stanford University Press; 1957.

Book  Google Scholar 

Latané B. The psychology of social impact. Am Psychol. 1981;36:343–56.

Article  Google Scholar 

Zajonc RB. On the primacy of affect. Am Psychol. 1984;39:117–23.

Article  Google Scholar 

Storey JD, Babalola SO, Ricotta EE, Fox KA, Toso M, Lewicky N, et al. Associations between ideational variables and bed net use in Madagascar, Mali, and Nigeria. BMC Public Health. 2018;18:484.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Ricotta EE, Boulay M, Ainslie R, Babalola S, Fotheringham M, Koenker H, et al. The use of mediation analysis to assess the effects of a behaviour change communication strategy on bed net ideation and household universal coverage in Tanzania. Malar J. 2015;14:15.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Fishbein M, Hennessy M, Kamb M, Bolan GA, Hoxworth T, Iatesta M, et al. Using intervention theory to model factors influencing behavior change: Project Respect. Eval Health Prof. 2001;24:363–84.

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Do M, Babalola S, Awantang G, Toso M, Lewicky N, Tompsett A. Associations between malaria-related ideational factors and care-seeking behavior for fever among children under five in Mali, Nigeria, and Madagascar. PLoS ONE. 2018;13:1–15.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Awantang GN, Babalola SO, Koenker H, Fox KA, Toso M, Lewicky N. Malaria-related ideational factors and other correlates associated with intermittent preventive treatment among pregnant women in Madagascar. Malar J. 2018;17:176.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Babalola S, John N, Ajao B, Speizer I. Ideation and intention to use contraceptives in Kenya and Nigeria. Demogr Res. 2015;33:211–38.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Larson HJ, Jarrett C, Schulz WS, Chaudhuri M, Zhou Y, Dube E, et al. Measuring vaccine hesitancy: The development of a survey tool. Vaccine. 2015;33:4165–75.

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Anaba U, Hutchinson PL, Abegunde D, White JE. Pneumonia-related ideations, care-seeking, and treatment behaviors among children under 2 years with pneumonia symptoms in northwestern Nigeria. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2020;55:S91-103.

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Grimbeek P, Bryer F, Beamish W, Netto MD. Use of data collapsing strategies to identify latent variables in CHP questionnaire data: Strategic management of junior and middle school data on the CHP questionnaire. In: Proceedings of the 3rd. annual international conference on cognition, language and special education. Brisbane: Griffith research online; 2005. p. 125–39.

Lionello M, Aletta F, Mitchell A, Kang J. Introducing a method for intervals correction on multiple likert scales: A case study on an urban soundscape data collection instrument. Front Psychol. 2021;11:602831.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Tariku A, Alemu K, Gizaw Z, Muchie KF, Derso T, Abebe SM, et al. Mothers’ education and ANC visit improved exclusive breastfeeding in Dabat health and Demographic surveillance system site, northwest Ethiopia. PLoS ONE. 2017;12:e0179056.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Senghore T, Omotosho TA, Ceesay O, Williams DCH. Predictors of exclusive breastfeeding knowledge and intention to or practice of exclusive breastfeeding among antenatal and postnatal women receiving routine care: A cross-sectional study. Int Breastfeed J. 2018;13:9.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Carlin RF, Mathews A, Oden R, Moon RY. The influence of social networks and norms on breastfeeding in African American and Caucasian mothers: A qualitative study. Breastfeed Med. 2019;14:640–7.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Filmer D, Pritchett L. Estimating wealth effects without expenditure data–or tears: An application to educational enrollments in states of India. Demography. 2001;38:115–32.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Norton EC, Dowd BE. Log odds and the interpretation of logit models. Health Serv Res. 2018;53:859–78.

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Lawan U, Sani A, Amole G, Jahum M. Age-appropriate feeding practices and nutritional status of infants attending child welfare clinic at a Teaching Hospital in Nigeria. J Fam Community Med. 2014;21:6.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ahmad MM, Sani UM, Abolodje E, Isah BA, Mohammed BA, Garba BI. Mothers’ attitude and practices on breast feeding in Sokoto, north-western Nigeria. Int J Heal Sci Res. 2017;7:12.

Google Scholar 

Mogre V, Dery M, Gaa PK. Knowledge, attitudes and determinants of exclusive breastfeeding practice among Ghanaian rural lactating mothers. Int Breastfeed J. 2016;11:12.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Woldeamanuel BT. Trends and factors associated to early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding and duration of breastfeeding in Ethiopia: evidence from the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Int Breastfeed J. 2020;15:3.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Oche MO, Umar AS, Ahmed H. Knowledge and practice of exclusive breastfeeding in Kware. Nigeria Afr Health Sci. 2011;11:518–23.

CAS  PubMed  Google