General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Via Paradisia 1, 56100, Pisa, Italy

Federico Coccolini, Enrico Cicuttin, Camilla Cremonini, Dario Tartaglia & Massimo Chiarugi

General and Emergency Surgery, Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy

Massimo Sartelli

Division of General Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel

Yoram Kluger

Emergency Surgery, Emergency Surgery of the Research Institute of Emergency Medicine Named After I.I. Dzhanelidze, St. Petersburg, Russia

Aleksei Osipov

Department of Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China

Yunfeng Cui

General Surgery, Ethiopian Air Force Hospital, Bishoftu, Oromia, Ethiopia

Solomon Gurmu Beka

General, Acute Care, Abdominal Wall Reconstruction, and Trauma Surgery Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada

Andrew Kirkpatrick

Department of General Surgery, Hôpital Principal de Dakar Military Teaching Hospital, Dakar, Sénégal

Ibrahima Sall

Ernest E. Moore Shock Trauma Center at Denver Health, Denver, CO, USA

Ernest E. Moore

Trauma Surgery Department, Scripps Memorial Hospital, La Jolla, CA, USA

Walter L. Biffl

Department of Surgical Disciplines, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Regional Clinical Hospital, Kaliningrad, Russia

Andrey Litvin

Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy

Michele Pisano & Stefano Magnone

ICU Department, Maggiore Hospital, Parma, Italy

Edoardo Picetti

Unit of General Surgery, CARE Department Henri Mondor University Hospital (AP-HP), Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Est, UPEC, Créteil, France

Nicola de Angelis

College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO, 80134, USA

Philip Stahel

General Surgery, Pavia University Hospital, Pavia, Italy

Luca Ansaloni

Emergency Medicine Department, Radboud Universitair Medisch Centrum, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Edward Tan

Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, UAE

Fikri Abu-Zidan

General Surgery Department, Monza University Hospital, Monza, Italy

Marco Ceresoli

Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen, Giessen, Germany

Andreas Hecker

Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy

Osvaldo Chiara

Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Gemelli University Hospital, Rome, Italy

Gabriele Sganga

General Surgery Department, Mozyr Hospital, Mozyr, Belarus

Vladimir Khokha

ASUR Marche, AV5, Hospital of San Benedetto del Tronto, San Benedetto del Tronto, Italy

Salomone di Saverio

Dipartimento Di Chirurgia Generale E Specialistica “Paride Stefanini”, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

Salomone di Saverio

General Surgery Department, Plovdiv University Hospital, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Boris Sakakushev

General Surgery Department, Insubria University, Varese, Italy

Giampiero Campanelli

General Surgery Department, Campinas University, Campinas, Brazil

Gustavo Fraga

Department of Minimal Access and General Surgery, Government Gousia Hospital, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Imtiaz Wani

Surgery Department, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Richard ten Broek

Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway

Kjetil Soreide

Trauma Department, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA

Joseph Galante

Trauma/Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA

Marc de Moya

Department of Traumatology and Critical Care Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan

Kaoru Koike

Visceral and Metabolic Minimally Invasive Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Poissy/Saint Germain en Laye, Saint Germain en Laye, France

Belinda De Simone

Department of Traumatology, John Hunter Hospital and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia

Zsolt Balogh & Francesco Amico

HPB Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Tan Tock Seng, Singapore

Vishal Shelat

General Surgery, Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece

Emmanouil Pikoulis & Nikolaos Pararas

Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

Isidoro Di Carlo

General Surgery, San Donato Hospital, Milan, Italy

Luigi Bonavina

Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Ari Leppaniemi

Department of Trauma, Hand-, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Ingo Marzi

Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA

Rao Ivatury

University of Portsmouth UK & Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust UK, Portsmouth, UK

Jim Khan

Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, USA

Ronald V. Maier

Department of Surgery, Nelson R. Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa

Timothy C. Hardcastle

Trauma and Burns Service, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Department of Health, KwaZulu-Natal, Mayville, Durban, South Africa

Timothy C. Hardcastle

Division of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Kadıkoy/Istambul, Turkey

Arda Isik

Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy

Mauro Podda

HUS Abdominal Center, Emergency Surgery, Meilahti Tower Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

Matti Tolonen

Department of General Surgery, Anadolu Medical Center, Kocaeli, Turkey

Kemal Rasa

Trauma Center, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Pradeep H. Navsaria

General Surgery, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia

Zaza Demetrashvili

Emergency Surgery Department, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy

Antonio Tarasconi

Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Ferrara and University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

Paolo Carcoforo & Maria Grazia Sibilla

General Surgery, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy

Gian Luca Baiocchi

Department of General Surgery, Royal Perth Hospital, Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia

Dieter Weber

Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy

Fausto Catena

FC contributed to manuscript conception and draft; all authors read, improved, and approved the final manuscript.