Acknowledgements: The authors express their sincere gratitude to Anderson Junger Teodoro, Research Director of the Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, for the support in the maintenance of the analysis equipment used in this study.

Funding: This work was supported by the Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); Canada Research Chair in Nutrition Immunology funding (RES0045749RS).

Author Contributions: Study conception and design (DBVA, MIBS). Data collection, analysis and interpretation (DBVA, KP, MRSTK, OMG, CR, MIBS). Clinical and scientific expertise on CKD (KP, MRSTK, CR, MIBS). Manuscript drafting (DBVA, KP, MRSTK, CR, MIBS). Final approval of the manuscript (all authors).

1. Foods were purchased from the Brazilian Food Company (COBAL) and Central Market Supply of Rio de Janeiro State.

2. The type of foods were chosen based on typical dietary patterns in Brazil.11

E. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e and E. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e, Pesquisa de orçamentos familiares 2008-2009: análise do consumo alimentar pessoal no Brasil, IBGE, 2011.

Author Credit Statement

Study conception and design (DBVA, MIBS). Data collection, analysis and interpretation (DBVA, KP, MRSTK, OMG, CR, MIBS). Clinical and scientific expertise on CKD (KP, MRSTK, CR, MIBS). Manuscript drafting (DBVA, KP, MRSTK, CR, MIBS). Final approval of the manuscript (all authors).