Available online 21 June 2022

Abstract

Gastrointestinal endoscopy covers both diagnosis and therapy. Due to its diagnostic accuracy and minimal invasiveness, several innovations have been made within the last years including artificial intelligence and endoscopic tumor resection. The present review highlights some of these innovation. In addition, a special focus is set on the experience made by our own research group trying to combine the expertise of endoscopists/ physicians as well as engineers and computer scientists.

Section snippetsBackground

Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is a very common procedure performed all over the world. The main indication for endoscopy is detection of diseases of the GI-tract but also to screen individuals at risk, or the unaffected general population [1], [2], [3], [4]. In addition, there is an ongoing demand for therapeutic endoscopy to treat certain conditions and diseases in a minimally invasive manner [3]. Due to an ageing society with significant co-morbidities and patients’ wish to undergo

New imaging modalities

Endoscopic imaging focusses on detection of lesions on one hand, and differentiation or characterization of those lesions on the other hand. Since decades, endoscopical image quality has improved with better resolution and addition of light sources with different light spectra, i.e. so-called virtual chromoendoscopy [22], [23], [24]. For characterization, applying these new techniques lesions lead to accuracy rates of above 90% for differentiation of colonic polyps, e.g. [22], [23], [24].

Endoscopic resection

Recent endoscopic development has created highly innovative techniques and new technology for replacing surgical procedures such as tumor resections, myotomies and bypassing malignant stenoses [1], [8], [9], [36], [37], [38], [39]. A number of new ideas and technologies around endoscopic tools are emerging to improve therapeutic efficacy of procedures. With the experience of endoscopic resection procedures, endoscopists have developed a number of innovative ideas to facilitate or even to enable

Conclusions

Fortunately, there is a plethora of innovations in gastrointestinal endoscopy that by far cannot be sufficiently covered by a single review. Such innovation included diagnostic as well as therapeutic endoscopy. Hence, for space limitation, we mainly focused on current and previous concepts that have been evaluated by our own research group. Since basic and clinical research in endoscopy involves physicians as well as engineers and computer scientists, we call such a concept “endoneering” [21].

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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© 2022 Pan-Arab Association of Gastroenterology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.