There have been no studies focusing on how pulmonary hypertension (PH) affects inpatient outcomes in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure or cardiogenic shock. This study explores inpatient outcomes of patients with HCM, and concomitant PH compared to patients with HCM.

Based on the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) 2016-2018, patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of acute decompensated heart failure or cardiogenic shock were selected. The patients diagnosed with concomitant HCM were identified and divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of PH.

After propensity matching 1545 matched pairs were generated. Patients with PH had a higher prevalence of chronic kidney disease (p < 0.001), anemia (p < 0.001), coagulopathy (p < 0.001), atrial fibrillation (p = 0.031), and valvular disease (p < 0.001) (Table 1). The primary outcome (all-cause in-hospital mortality) occurred in 110 patients (2.6%) without PH and 95 patients (5.2%) with PH, which was not statistically significant after propensity matching [odds ratio (OR):1.53; 95% CI: 0.70 to 3.33; P = 0. 28] (Table 3). Patients with PH had a higher incidence of transient ischemic attack (TIA) [OR: 9.52; 95% CI: 3.38 to 26.78; P < 0.001)] and respiratory failure [OR: 1.49; 95% CI:1.05 to 2.11; P = 0.027], although with no difference in requirement for mechanical ventilation (P = 0.64), as compared to patients without PH.

PH in patients with HCM is associated with increased morbidity, including increased risk of TIA and respiratory failure.