1. Sutter MA, Eggspuehler A, Grob D, Porchet F, Jeszenszky D, Dvorak J. Multimodal intraoperative monitoring (MIOM) during 409 lumbosacral surgical procedures in 409 patients. Eur Spine J 2007 16 Suppl 2:S221–8.

2. Fehlings MG, Brodke DS, Norvell DC, Dettori JR. The evidence for intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in spine surgery: does it make a difference? Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2010 35(9 Suppl): S37–46.

3. Tsutsui S, Tamaki T, Yamada H, Iwasaki H, Takami M. Relationships between the changes in compound muscle action potentials and selective injuries to the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots. Clin Neurophysiol 2003 114:1431–6.

4. Kobayashi S, Matsuyama Y, Shinomiya K, et al. A new alarm point of transcranial electrical stimulation motor evoked potentials for intraoperative spinal cord monitoring: a prospective multicenter study from the Spinal Cord Monitoring Working Group of the Japanese Society for Spine Surgery and Related Research. J Neurosurg Spine 2014 20:102–7.

5. Lieberman JA, Lyon R, Feiner J, Hu SS, Berven SH. The efficacy of motor evoked potentials in fixed sagittal imbalance deformity correction surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2008 33:E414–24.

6. Pateder DB, Kostuik JP. Lumbar nerve root palsy after adult spinal deformity surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2005 30:1632–6.

7. Potter BK, Freedman BA, Verwiebe EG, Hall JM, Polly DW Jr, Kuklo TR. Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: clinical and radiographic results and complications in 100 consecutive patients. J Spinal Disord Tech 2005 18:337–46.

8. Tsai RY, Yang RS, Nuwer MR, Kanim LE, Delamarter RB, Dawson EG. Intraoperative dermatomal evoked potential monitoring fails to predict outcome from lumbar decompression surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1997 22:1970–5.

9. Winter RB. Neurologic safety in spinal deformity surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1997 22:1527–33.

10. Langeloo DD, Lelivelt A, Louis Journee H, Slappendel R, de Kleuver M. Transcranial electrical motorevoked potential monitoring during surgery for spinal deformity: a study of 145 patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2003 28:1043–50.

11. Gunnarsson T, Krassioukov AV, Sarjeant R, Fehlings MG. Real-time continuous intraoperative electromyographic and somatosensory evoked potential recordings in spinal surgery: correlation of clinical and electrophysiologic findings in a prospective, consecutive series of 213 cases. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2004 29:677–84.

12. Kim DH, Zaremski J, Kwon B, et al. Risk factors for false positive transcranial motor evoked potential monitoring alerts during surgical treatment of cervical myelopathy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2007 32:3041–6.

13. Boachie-Adjei O, Yagi M, Nemani VM, et al. Incidence and risk factors for major surgical complications in patients with complex spinal deformity: a report from an SRS GOP site. Spine Deform 2015 3:57–64.

14. Kobayashi K, Imagama S, Ito Z, et al. Transcranial motor evoked potential waveform changes in corrective fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2017 19:108–15.

15. Kim HJ, Iyer S, Zebala LP, et al. Perioperative neurologic complications in adult spinal deformity surgery: incidence and risk factors in 564 patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2017 42:420–7.

16. Berven SH, Deviren V, Smith JA, Emami A, Hu SS, Bradford DS. Management of fixed sagittal plane deformity: results of the transpedicular wedge resection osteotomy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2001 26:2036–43.

17. Byrne CA, Lyons GM, Donnelly AE, O’Keeffe DT, Hermens H, Nene A. Rectus femoris surface myoelectric signal cross-talk during static contractions. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2005 15:564–75.

18. Gundanna M, Eskenazi M, Bendo J, Spivak J, Moskovich R. Somatosensory evoked potential monitoring of lumbar pedicle screw placement for in situ posterior spinal fusion. Spine J 2003 3:370–6.

19. Magit DP, Hilibrand AS, Kirk J, et al. Questionnaire study of neuromonitoring availability and usage for spine surgery. J Spinal Disord Tech 2007 20:282–9.

20. Valone F 3rd, Lyon R, Lieberman J, Burch S. Efficacy of transcranial motor evoked potentials, mechanically elicited electromyography, and evoked electromyography to assess nerve root function during sustained compression in a porcine model. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2014 39:E989–93.

21. Wang XB, Lenke LG, Thuet E, Blanke K, Koester LA, Roth M. Deformity angular ratio describes the severity of spinal deformity and predicts the risk of neurologic deficit in posterior vertebral column resection surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2016 41:1447–55.

22. Weiss DS. Spinal cord and nerve root monitoring during surgical treatment of lumbar stenosis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2001 (384): 82–100.

23. Bose B, Wierzbowski LR, Sestokas AK. Neurophysiologic monitoring of spinal nerve root function during instrumented posterior lumbar spine surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2002 27:1444–50.

24. Beatty RM, McGuire P, Moroney JM, Holladay FP. Continuous intraoperative electromyographic recording during spinal surgery. J Neurosurg 1995 82:401–5.