The aim of this study was to use a compositional analysis approach to account for the inherent co-dependencies between behaviours and to explore how daily movement behaviours influence cardiovascular health in children with and without T1D.

Augmentation index, pulse wave velocity (PWV) and heart rate variability were measured in 20 children with (11.9±1.6 years) and 17 children without T1D (11.6±2.2 years). Subsequently, physical activity and sleep were assessed at 20 Hz for 28 consecutive days using a wrist-worn accelerometer. Compositional analyses were utilised to explore the relative effects of each movement behaviour and the overall movement complex on cardiovascular parameters, with predictive modelling used to explore the effects of reallocating 20 mins between behaviours.

Arterial stiffness markers were most influenced by the total movement composition, whereas autonomic function was most influenced by sedentary time and sleep relative to all other behaviours. Reallocation of time from moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) to any other behaviour was predicted to negatively affect all cardiovascular measures, independent of disease status, whereas reallocating time to MVPA was consistently predicted to improve all outcome measures. Additionally, the same intensity of physical activity appeared to be more potent for cardiovascular health in T1D children compared to non-diabetic peers.

Intensity, rather than volume, of physical activity may be key in reducing risk of premature adverse changes in cardiovascular health, whereas increasing time in MVPA could potentially the slow progression of cardiovascular aging in children with diabetes.

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