1. Bahr, R. Demise of the fittest: are we destroying our biggest talents? Br J Sports Med. 2014;48:1265-1267.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI2. Balyi, I, Way, R, Higgs, C. Long-Term Athlete Development. Human Kinetics; 2013.
Google Scholar3. Bell, DR, DiStefano, L, Pandya, NK, McGuine, TA. The public health consequences of sport specialization. J Athl Train. 2019;54:1013-1020.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline4. Bell, DR, Post, EG, Trigsted, SM, Hetzel, S, McGuine, TA, Brooks, MA. Prevalence of sport specialization in high school athletics: a 1-year observational study. Am J Sports Med. 2016;44:1469-1474.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI5. Bell, DR, Snedden, T, Biese, K, et al. Consensus definition of sport specialization in youth athletes using a Delphi approach. J Athl Train. Published online March 31, 2021. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-0725.20
Google Scholar | Crossref6. Bergeron, MF, Mountjoy, M, Armstrong, N, et al. International Olympic Committee consensus statement on youth athletic development. Br J Sports Med. 2015;49:843-851.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI7. Berry, JT, Abernethy, AB. Expert Game-Based Decision-Making in Australian Football: How Is It Developed and How Can It Be Trained? The University of Queensland School of Human Movement Studies; 2003.
Google Scholar8. Biese, K, Post, E, Schaefer, D, Bell, D. Sport specialization and participation characteristics of female high school volleyball athletes. Athl Train Sports Health Care. 2018;10:247-252.
Google Scholar | Crossref9. Blakemore, S-J, Burnett, S, Dahl, RE. The role of puberty in the developing adolescent brain. Hum Brain Mapp. 2010;31:926-933.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI10. Booth, M, Orr, R, Cobley, S. Call for coordinated and systematic training load measurement (and progression) in athlete development: a conceptual model with practical steps. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51:559-560.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline11. Brenner, JS ; Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness . Sports specialization and intensive training in young athletes. Pediatrics. 2016;138:e20162148.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline12. Brink, MS, Visscher, C, Coutts, AJ, Lemmink, KAPM. Changes in perceived stress and recovery in overreached young elite soccer players. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2012;22:285-292.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI13. Caine, D, Maffulli, N, Caine, C. Epidemiology of injury in child and adolescent sports: injury rates, risk factors, and prevention. Clin Sports Med. 2008;27:19-50.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI14. Côté, J, Fraser-Thomas, J. Youth involvement in sport. In: Crocker, PRE , ed. Sport Psychology: A Canadian Perspective. 3rd ed. Pearson Prentice Hall; 2007:256-287.
Google Scholar15. Côté, J, Horton, S, MacDonald, D, Wilkes, S. The benefits of sampling sports during childhood. Phys Health Educ J. 2009;74:6-11.
Google Scholar16. DeMaio, E, Verma, R, Render, A, et al. 2020 AMSSM oral research poster presentations: young athlete Injury Outcome Study (IOS): health-related quality of life (HRQoL) analysis. Clin J Sport Med. 2021;31:163-175.
Google Scholar | Medline17. DiCesare, CA, Bonnette, S, Myer, GD, Kiefer, AW. Differentiating successful and unsuccessful single-leg drop landing performance using uncontrolled manifold analysis. Motor Control. 2020;24:75-90.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline18. DiCesare, CA, Montalvo, A, Barber Foss, KD, et al. Lower extremity biomechanics are altered across maturation in sport-specialized female adolescent athletes. Front Pediatr. 2019;7:268.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline19. DiCesare, CA, Montalvo, A, Foss, KDB, et al. Sport specialization and coordination differences in multisport adolescent female basketball, soccer, and volleyball athletes. J Athl Train. 2019;54:1105-1114.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline20. DiFiori, JP, Benjamin, HJ, Brenner, J, et al. Overuse injuries and burnout in youth sports: a position statement from the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine. Clin J Sport Med. 2014;24:3-20.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI21. Eckard, TG, Padua, DA, Hearn, DW, Pexa, BS, Frank, BS. The relationship between training load and injury in athletes: a systematic review. Sports Med Auckl NZ. 2018;48:1929-1961.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline22. Emery, CA, Hagel, B, Morrongiello, BA. Injury prevention in child and adolescent sport: whose responsibility is it? Clin J Sport Med. 2006;16:514-521.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI23. Excessive physical training in children and adolescents . A position statement from the International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS). Schweiz Z Sportmed. 1991;39:32-34.
Google Scholar | Medline24. Faigenbaum, AD, Farrell, A, Fabiano, M, et al. Effects of integrative neuromuscular training on fitness performance in children. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2011;23:573-584.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI25. Ford, KR, Shapiro, R, Myer, GD, Van Den Bogert, AJ, Hewett, TE. Longitudinal sex differences during landing in knee abduction in young athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42:1923-1931.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI26. Frome, D, Rychlik, K, Fokas, J, Chiampas, G, Jayanthi, N, LaBella, C. Sports specialization is not associated with greater odds of previous injury in elite male youth soccer players. Clin J Sport Med. 2019;29:368-373.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline27. Fuller, CW, Brooks, JHM, Cancea, RJ, Hall, J, Kemp, SPT. Contact events in rugby union and their propensity to cause injury. Br J Sports Med. 2007;41:862-867.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI28. Gabbett, TJ. How much? How fast? How soon? Three simple concepts for progressing training loads to minimize injury risk and enhance performance.J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2020;50:570-573.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline29. Gabbett, TJ. Performance changes following a field conditioning program in junior and senior rugby league players. J Strength Cond Res. 2006;20:215-221.
Google Scholar | Medline | ISI30. Gabbett, TJ. Physiological and anthropometric characteristics of junior rugby league players over a competitive season. J Strength Cond Res. 2005;19:764-771.
Google Scholar | Medline | ISI31. Gabbett, TJ. The training-injury prevention paradox: should athletes be training smarter and harder? Br J Sports Med. 2016;50:273-280.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI32. Gabbett, TJ, Ullah, S, Finch, CF. Identifying risk factors for contact injury in professional rugby league players—application of a frailty model for recurrent injury. J Sci Med Sport. 2012;15:496-504.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline33. Gabbett, TJ, Whyte, DG, Hartwig, TB, Wescombe, H, Naughton, GA. The relationship between workloads, physical performance, injury and illness in adolescent male football players. Sports Med Auckl NZ. 2014;44:989-1003.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI34. Gulbin, JP, Croser, MJ, Morley, EJ, Weissensteiner, JR. An integrated framework for the optimisation of sport and athlete development: a practitioner approach.J Sports Sci. 2013;31:1319-1331.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI35. Gustafsson, H, DeFreese, JD, Madigan, DJ. Athlete burnout: review and recommendations. Curr Opin Psychol. 2017;16:109-113.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline36. Hall, R, Foss, KB, Hewett, TE, Myer, GD. Sport specialization is association with an increased risk of developing anterior knee pain in adolescent female athletes.J Sport Rehabil. 2015;24:31-35.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI37. Hartwig, TB, Gabbett, TJ, Naughton, G, Duncan, C, Harries, S, Perry, N. Training and match volume and injury in adolescents playing multiple contact team sports: a prospective cohort study. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2019;29:469-475.
Google Scholar | Medline38. Hartwig, TB, Naughton, G, Searl, J. Defining the volume and intensity of sport participation in adolescent rugby union players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2008;3:94-106.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI39. Hartwig, TB, Naughton, G, Searl, J. Load, stress, and recovery in adolescent rugby union players during a competitive season. J Sports Sci. 2009;27:1087-1094.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI40. Hewett, TE, Myer, GD, Ford, KR, et al. Biomechanical measures of neuromuscular control and valgus loading of the knee predict anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in female athletes: a prospective study. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33:492-501.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI41. Hewett, TE, Myer, GD, Ford, KR. Decrease in neuromuscular control about the knee with maturation in female athletes. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004;86:1601-1608.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI42. Hulin, BT, Gabbett, TJ, Blanch, P, Chapman, P, Bailey, D, Orchard, JW. Spikes in acute workload are associated with increased injury risk in elite cricket fast bowlers. Br J Sports Med. 2014;48:708-712.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI43. Hulin, BT, Gabbett, TJ, Pickworth, NJ, Johnston, RD, Jenkins, DG. Relationships among player load, high-intensity intermittent running ability, and injury risk in professional rugby league players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2020;15(3):423-429.
Google Scholar | Crossref44. Ivarsson, A, Johnson, U, Andersen, MB, Tranaeus, U, Stenling, A, Lindwall, M. Psychosocial factors and sport injuries: meta-analyses for prediction and prevention. Sports Med Auckl NZ. 2017;47:353-365.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline45. Jayanthi, N, Dechert, A, Durazo, R, Dugas, L, Luke, A. Training and specialization risks in junior elite tennis players. J Med Sci Tennis. 2011;16:14-20.
Google Scholar46. Jayanthi, N, Saffel, H, Gabbett, T. Training the specialised youth athlete: a supportive classification model to keep them playing. Br J Sports Med. 2021;55(22):1248-1249.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline47. Jayanthi, NA, LaBella, CR, Fischer, D, Pasulka, J, Dugas, LR. Sports-specialized intensive training and the risk of injury in young athletes: a clinical case-control study. Am J Sports Med. 2015;43:794-801.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI48. Kliethermes, SA, Nagle, K, Côté, J, et al. Impact of youth sports specialisation on career and task-specific athletic performance: a systematic review following the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) Collaborative Research Network’s 2019 Youth Early Sport Specialisation Summit. Br J Sports Med. 2020;54:221-230.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline49. LaPrade, RF, Agel, J, Baker, J, et al. AOSSM early sport specialization consensus statement. Orthop J Sports Med. 2016;4:2325967116644241.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals50. Lathlean, TJH, Gastin, PB, Newstead, SV, Finch, CF. Absolute and relative load and injury in elite junior Australian football players over 1 season. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2020;15(4):511-519.