1. Zhang, L, Long, J, Jiang, W, et al. Trends in chronic kidney disease in China. N Engl J Med 2016; 375: 905–906.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline2. Simpson, K, Wonnacott, A, Fraser, DJ, et al. MicroRNAs in diabetic nephropathy: from biomarkers to therapy. Curr Diab Rep 2016; 16: 35.
Google Scholar | Medline3. Mishima, Y, Tomari, Y. Codon usage and 3′ UTR length determine maternal mRNA stability in zebrafish. Mol Cell 2016; 61: 874–885.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline4. Kato, M, Natarajan, R. MicroRNAs in diabetic nephropathy: functions, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1353: 72–88.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline5. Kato, M, Natarajan, R. Diabetic nephropathy—emerging epigenetic mechanisms. Nat Rev Nephrol 2014; 10: 517–530.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline6. Trionfini, P, Benigni, A, Remuzzi, G. MicroRNAs in kidney physiology and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2015; 11: 23–33.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline7. Shantikumar, S, Caporali, A, Emanueli, C. Role of microRNAs in diabetes and its cardiovascular complications. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 93: 583–593.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline8. Guay, C, Regazzi, R. Circulating microRNAs as novel biomarkers for diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2013; 9: 513–521.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline9. Jaeger, A, Zollinger, L, Saely, CH, et al. Circulating microRNAs -192 and -194 are associated with the presence and incidence of diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2018; 8: 14274.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline10. Wang, LP, Gao, YZ, Song, B, et al. MicroRNAs in the progress of diabetic nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2019; 2019: 3513179.
Google Scholar | Medline11. Vasu, S, Kumano, K, Darden, CM, et al. MicroRNA signatures as future biomarkers for diagnosis of diabetes states. Cells 2019; 8: 1533.
Google Scholar | Crossref12. Hromadnikova, I, Kotlabova, K, Dvorakova, L, et al. Substantially altered expression profile of diabetes/cardiovascular/cerebrovascular disease associated microRNAs in children descending from pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus-one of several possible reasons for an increased cardiovascular risk. Cells 2020; 9: 1557.
Google Scholar13. Wander, PL, Enquobahrie, DA, Bammler, TK, et al. Short report: circulating microRNAs are associated with incident diabetes over 10 years in Japanese Americans. Sci Rep 2020; 10: 6509.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline14. Ju, Y, Su, Y, Chen, Q, et al. Protective effects of Astragaloside IV on endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced renal tubular epithelial cells apoptosis in type 2 diabetic nephropathy rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109: 84–92.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline15. Kato, M, Wang, M, Chen, Z, et al. An endoplasmic reticulum stress-regulated lncRNA hosting a microRNA megacluster induces early features of diabetic nephropathy. Nat Commun 2016; 7: 12864.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline16. Lindenmeyer, MT, Rastaldi, MP, Ikehata, M, et al. Proteinuria and hyperglycemia induce endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 19: 2225–2236.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline17. Wu, X, He, Y, Jing, Y, et al. Albumin overload induces apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells through a CHOP-dependent pathway. OMICS 2010; 14: 61–73.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline18. Oyadomari, S, Mori, M. Roles of CHOP/GADD153 in endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cell Death Differ 2004; 11: 381–389.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline19. Ron, D, Habener, JF. CHOP, a novel developmentally regulated nuclear protein that dimerizes with transcription factors C/EBP and LAP and functions as a dominant-negative inhibitor of gene transcription. Genes Dev 1992; 6: 439–453.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline20. McCullough, KD, Martindale, JL, Klotz, LO, et al. Gadd153 sensitizes cells to endoplasmic reticulum stress by down-regulating Bcl2 and perturbing the cellular redox state. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21: 1249–1259.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline21. Oyadomari, S, Koizumi, A, Takeda, K, et al. Targeted disruption of the Chop gene delays endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated diabetes. J Clin Invest 2002; 109: 525–532.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline22. Cunard, R, Sharma, K. The endoplasmic reticulum stress response and diabetic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Ren Physiol 2011; 300: F1054–F1061.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline23. Wu, J, Zhang, R, Torreggiani, M, et al. Induction of diabetes in aged C57B6 mice results in severe nephropathy: an association with oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation. Am J Pathol 2010; 176: 2163–2176.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline24. Liu, G, Sun, Y, Li, Z, et al. Apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress involved in diabetic kidney disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 370: 651–656.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline25. American Diabetes Association . Standards of medical care in diabetes – 2014. Diabetes Care 2014; 37(Suppl. 1): S14–S80.
Google Scholar | Crossref26. Matthews, DR, Hosker, JP, Rudenski, AS, et al. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 1985; 28: 412–419.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline27. Seltzer, HS, Allen, EW, Herron, AL, et al. Insulin secretion in response to glycemic stimulus: relation of delayed initial release to carbohydrate intolerance in mild diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest 1967; 46: 323–335.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline28. Katz, A, Nambi, SS, Mather, K, et al. Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index: a simple, accurate method for assessing insulin sensitivity in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 2402–2410.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline29. Levey, AS, Stevens, LA, Schmid, CH, et al. A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med 2009; 150: 604–612.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline30. Esposito, V, Grosjean, F, Tan, J, et al. CHOP deficiency results in elevated lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and kidney injury. Am J Physiol Ren Physiol 2013; 304: F440–F450.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline31. Sharma, D, Bhattacharya, P, Kalia, K, et al. Diabetic nephropathy: new insights into established therapeutic paradigms and novel molecular targets. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2017; 128: 91–108.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline32. Chinese Diabetes Society and Chinese Medical Association . [A nationwide retrospective analysis on chronic diabetic complications and related macrovascular diseases of in-patients with diabetes during 1991-2000]. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 2002; 24: 447–451.
Google Scholar | Medline33. Weng, JP, Bi, Y. Epidemiological status of chronic diabetic complications in China. Chin Med J 2015; 128: 3267–3269.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline34. Cho, NH, Shaw, JE, Karuranga, S, et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas: global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 138: 271–281.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline35. Zhu, H, Leung, SW. Identification of microRNA biomarkers in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of controlled profiling studies. Diabetologia 2015; 58: 900–911.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline36. Rottiers, V, Näär, AM. MicroRNAs in metabolism and metabolic disorders. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2012; 13: 239–250.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline37. Vickers, KC, Palmisano, BT, Shoucri, BM, et al. MicroRNAs are transported in plasma and delivered to recipient cells by high-density lipoproteins. Nat Cell Biol 2011; 13: 423–433.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline38. Turchinovich, A, Weiz, L, Langheinz, A, et al. Characterization of extracellular circulating microRNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39: 7223–7233.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline39. Flowers, E, Kanaya, AM, Fukuoka, Y, et al. Preliminary evidence supports circulating microRNAs as prognostic biomarkers for type 2 diabetes. Obes Sci Pract 2017; 3: 446–452.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline40. Jiang, L, Huang, J, Chen, Y, et al. Identification of several circulating microRNAs from a genome-wide circulating microRNA expression profile as potential biomarkers for impaired glucose metabolism in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Endocrine 2016; 53: 280–290.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline41. Hernández-Alonso, P, Giardina, S, Salas-Salvadó, J, et al. Chronic pistachio intake modulates circulating microRNAs related to glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in prediabetic subjects. Eur J Nutr 2017; 56: 2181–2191.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline42. Gil-Zamorano, J, Martin, R, Daimiel, L, et al. Docosahexaenoic acid modulates the enterocyte Caco-2 cell expression of microRNAs involved in lipid metabolism. J Nutr 2014; 144: 575–585.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline43. Jia, Y, Guan, M, Zheng, Z, et al. miRNAs in urine extracellular vesicles as predictors of early-stage diabetic nephropathy. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016: 7932765.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline44. Shah, R, Murthy, V, Pacold, M, et al. Extracellular RNAs are associated with insulin resistance and metabolic phenotypes. Diabetes Care 2017; 40: 546–553.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline45. Ozcan, L, Tabas, I. Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in metabolic disease and other disorders. Annu Rev Med 2012; 63: 317–328.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline46. Taniguchi, M, Yoshida, H. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in kidney function and disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2015; 24: 345–350.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline47. Liu, H, Sun, HL. LncRNA TCF7 triggered endoplasmic reticulum stress through a sponge action with miR-200c in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 23: 5912–5922.
Google Scholar | Medline48. Cao, Y, Hao, Y, Li, H, et al. Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in apoptosis of differentiated mouse podocytes induced by high glucose. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33: 809–816.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline49. Dong, Z, Wu, P, Li, Y, et al. Myocardial infarction worsens glomerular injury and microalbuminuria in rats with pre-existing renal impairment accompanied by the activation of ER stress and inflammation. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41: 7911–7921.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline50. Shen, H, Ming, Y, Xu, C, et al. Deregulation of long noncoding RNA (TUG1) contributes to excessive podocytes apoptosis by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress in the development of diabetic nephropathy. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234: 15123–15133.
Google Scholar | Crossref51. Chen, C, Wang, C, Hu, C, et al. Normoalbuminuric diabetic kidney disease. Front Med 2017; 11: 310–318.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline52. American Diabetes Association 15 . Diabetes advocacy: standards of medical care in diabetes-2018. Diabetes Care 2018; 41: S152–S153.