By age group
Young people (n = 3)
Conry et al.,
2009; Fredheim et al.,
2020; Sidorchuk et al.,
2018
Adults (n = 43)
Andenæs et al.,
2016; Bajwah et al.,
2018; Bjerrum et al.,
1994; Brinkers et al.,
2016; Cloos et al.,
2015; Ellinwood et al.,
1990; Faccini et al.,
2016,
2019; Federico et al.,
2020,
2017; Fredheim et al.,
2019; Fride Tvete et al.,
2015; Harnod et al.,
2015; Hata et al.,
2018; Hermos et al.,
2007,
2005; Holzbach et al.,
2010; Imbert et al.,
2016; Johansson et al.,
2003; Kroll et al.,
2016; Lekka et al.,
1997,
2002; Liebrenz, Gehring et al.,
2015; Liebrenz, Schneider et al.,
2015; Liebrenz et al.,
2016a,
2016b; Lugoboni et al.,
2020,
2014,
2018; Nordfjaern et al.,
2014,
2013; Martinez-Cano et al.,
1996; Perera & Jenner,
1987; Quaglio et al.,
2012; Rintoul et al.,
2013; Seivewright & Dougal,
1993; Soumerai et al.,
2003; Sullivan & Sellers,
1992; Takeshima et al.,
2016; Tamburin et al.,
2017; Vorma et al.,
2003; Voshaar et al.,
2003; Wen et al.,
2014
Elderly (n = 5)
Egan et al.,
2001; Etchepare et al.,
2016; Hanlon et al.,
2009; Neutel et al.,
2012; Tien et al.,
2020
All age group (n = 1)
Moreno-Gutíerrez et al.,
2020
Not available (n = 1)
Kaendler et al.,
1996
Not applicable (n = 5)
Alexander & Perry,
1991; Janhsen et al.,
2015; Kim et al.,
2017; Sketris et al.,
1985; Teboul & Chouinard,
1991
Size of the study population
<50 (n = 9)
Federico et al.,
2017; Kaendler et al.,
1996; Liebrenz, Gehring et al.,
2015; Liebrenz, Schneider et al.,
2015; Liebrenz et al.,
2016a,
2016b; Quaglio et al.,
2012; Seivewright & Dougal,
1993; Sullivan & Sellers,
1992
≥50 (n = 43)
Andenæs et al.,
2016; Bajwah et al.,
2018; Bjerrum et al.,
1994; Cloos et al.,
2015; Conry et al.,
2009; Egan et al.,
2001; Ellinwood et al.,
1990; Etchepare et al.,
2016; Faccini et al.,
2016,
2019; Federico et al.,
2020,
2017; Fredheim et al.,
2019,
2020; Fride Tvete et al.,
2015; Hanlon et al.,
2009; Harnod et al.,
2015; Hata et al.,
2018; Hermos et al.,
2007,
2005; Holzbach et al.,
2010; Imbert et al.,
2016; Johansson et al.,
2003; Kroll et al.,
2016; Lekka et al.,
2002,
1997; Lugoboni et al.,
2020,
2014,
2018; Martinez-Cano et al.,
1996; Moreno-Gutíerrez et al.,
2020; Neutel et al.,
2012; Nordfjaern et al.,
2014,
2013; Perera & Jenner,
1987; Rintoul et al.,
2013; Sidorchuk et al.,
2018; Soumerai et al.,
2003; Tamburin et al.,
2017; Takeshima et al.,
2016; Tien et al.,
2020; Voshaar et al.,
2003; Wen et al.,
2014
Not applicable (n = 6)
Alexander & Perry,
1991; Brinkers et al.,
2016; Janhsen et al.,
2015; Kim et al.,
2017; Sketris et al.,
1985; Teboul & Chouinard,
1991
Type of patients
Inpatient (n = 14)
Bajwah et al.,
2018; Etchepare et al.,
2016; Faccini et al.,
2016,
2019; Federico et al.,
2020,
2017; Johansson et al.,
2003; Hata et al.,
2018; Lugoboni et al.,
2020,
2014,
2018; Quaglio et al.,
2012; Sullivan & Sellers,
1992; Tamburin et al.,
2017
Outpatient (n = 28)
Andenæs et al.,
2016; Bjerrum et al.,
1994; Cloos et al.,
2015; Conry et al.,
2009; Egan et al.,
2001; Ellinwood et al.,
1990; Fride Tvete et al.,
2015; Hanlon et al.,
2009; Harnod et al.,
2015; Hermos et al.,
2007,
2005; Holzbach et al.,
2010; Imbert et al.,
2016; Kaendler et al.,
1996; Kroll et al.,
2016; Lekka et al.,
1997,
2002; Martinez-Cano et al.,
1996; Moreno-Gutíerrez et al.,
2020; Neutel et al.,
2012; Nordfjaern et al.,
2014,
2013; Perera & Jenner,
1987; Rintoul et al.,
2013; Soumerai et al.,
2003; Takeshima et al.,
2016; Vorma et al.,
2003; Voshaar et al.,
2003
In- and out-patient (n = 10)
Fredheim et al.,
2019,
2020; Liebrenz, Gehring et al.,
2015; Liebrenz, Schneider et al.,
2015; Liebrenz et al.,
2016a,
2016b; Seivewright & Dougal,
1993; Sidorchuk et al.,
2018; Tien et al.,
2020; Wen et al.,
2014
Not applicable (n = 6)
Alexander & Perry,
1991; Brinkers et al.,
2016; Janhsen et al.,
2015; Kim et al.,
2017; Sketris et al.,
1985; Teboul & Chouinard,
1991
Category of benzodiazepines
Hypnotics (n = 8)
Andenæs et al.,
2016; Cloos et al.,
2015; Ellinwood et al.,
1990; Faccini et al.,
2019; Martinez-Cano et al.,
1996; Sullivan & Sellers,
1992; Takeshima et al.,
2016; Wen et al.,
2014
Anxiolytics (n = 6)
Cloos et al.,
2015; Hermos et al.,
2007; Imbert et al.,
2016; Martinez-Cano et al.,
1996; Rintoul et al.,
2013; Takeshima et al.,
2016
Not applicable (n = 47)
Alexander & Perry,
1991; Bajwah et al.,
2018; Bjerrum et al.,
1994; Brinkers et al.,
2016; Conry et al.,
2009; Egan et al.,
2001; Etchepare et al.,
2016; Faccini et al.,
2016; Fang et al.,
2009; Federico et al.,
2020,
2017; Fredheim et al.,
2020; Fride Tvete et al.,
2015; Hanlon et al.,
2009; Harnod et al.,
2015; Hata et al.,
2018; Hermos et al.,
2005; Janhsen et al.,
2015; Johansson et al.,
2003; Kaendler et al.,
1996; Kim et al.,
2017; Kroll et al.,
2016; Lekka et al.,
1997,
2002; Liebrenz, Gehring et al.,
2015; Liebrenz, Schneider et al.,
2015; Liebrenz et al.,
2016a,
2016b; Lugoboni et al.,
2020,
2014,
2018; Moreno-Gutíerrez et al.,
2020; Neutel et al.,
2012; Nordfjaern et al.,
2014,
2013; Perera & Jenner,
1987; Quaglio et al.,
2012; Seivewright & Dougal,
1993; Sidorchuk et al.,
2018; Sketris et al.,
1985; Soumerai et al.,
2003; Tamburin et al.,
2017; Teboul & Chouinard,
1991; Tien et al.,
2020; Vorma et al.,
2003; Voshaar et al.,
2003
BDZ studied
One (n = 5)
Conry et al.,
2009; Faccini et al.,
2019; Imbert et al.,
2016; Rintoul et al.,
2013; Sullivan & Sellers,
1992
Several (n = 53)
Alexander & Perry,
1991; Andenæs et al.,
2016; Bajwah et al.,
2018; Bjerrum et al.,
1994; Brinkers et al.,
2016; Cloos et al.,
2015; Egan et al.,
2001; Ellinwood et al.,
1990; Etchepare et al.,
2016; Faccini et al.,
2016; Federico et al.,
2020,
2017; Fredheim et al.,
2019,
2020; Fride Tvete et al.,
2015; Hanlon et al.,
2009; Harnod et al.,
2015; Hata et al.,
2018; Hermos et al.,
2007,
2005; Holzbach et al.,
2010; Janhsen et al.,
2015; Johansson et al.,
2003; Kaendler et al.,
1996; Kim et al.,
2017; Kroll et al.,
2016; Lekka et al.,
1997,
2002; Liebrenz, Gehring et al.,
2015; Liebrenz, Schneider et al.,
2015; Liebrenz et al.,
2016a,
2016b; Lugoboni et al.,
2020,
2014,
2018; Martinez-Cano et al.,
1996; Moreno-Gutíerrez et al.,
2020; Neutel et al.,
2012; Nordfjaern et al.,
2014,
2013; Perera & Jenner,
1987; Quaglio et al.,
2012; Seivewright & Dougal,
1993; Sidorchuk et al.,
2018; Sketris et al.,
1985; Soumerai et al.,
2003; Takeshima et al.,
2016; Tamburin et al.,
2017; Teboul & Chouinard,
1991; Tien et al.,
2020; Vorma et al.,
2003; Voshaar et al.,
2003; Wen et al.,
2014
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