Kim KW, Park SH, Kim JC. Fibroblast biology in pterygia. Exp Eye Res. 2016;142:32–9.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Detorakis ET, Spandidos DA. Pathogenetic mechanisms and treatment options for ophthalmic pterygium: trends and perspectives (Review). Int J Mol Med. 2009;23:439–47.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Chew FLM, Salowi MA, Mustari Z, Husni MA, Hussein E, Adnan TH, et al. Estimates of visual impairment and its causes from the National Eye Survey in Malaysia (NESII). PLoS ONE. 2018;13:e0198799-e.

Article  Google Scholar 

Shahraki T, Arabi A, Feizi S. Pterygium: an update on pathophysiology, clinical features, and management. Ther Adv Ophthalmol. 2021;13:25158414211020152.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Amano S, Motoyama Y, Oshika T, Eguchi S, Eguchi K. Comparative study of intraoperative mitomycin C and beta irradiation in pterygium surgery. Br J Ophthalmol. 2000;84:618–21.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bekibele CO, Baiyeroju AM, Olusanya BA, Ashaye AO, Oluleye TS. Pterygium treatment using 5-FU as adjuvant treatment compared to conjunctiva autograft. Eye. 2008;22:31–4.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Fonseca EC, Rocha EM, Arruda GV. Comparison among adjuvant treatments for primary pterygium: a network meta-analysis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2018;102:748–56.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kaufman SC, Jacobs DS, Lee WB, Deng SX, Rosenblatt MI, Shtein RM. Options and adjuvants in surgery for pterygium: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology 2013;120:201–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hirst LW. Recurrence and complications after 1,000 surgeries using pterygium extended removal followed by extended conjunctival transplant. Ophthalmology 2012;119:2205–10.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hirst LW. Prospective study of primary pterygium surgery using pterygium extended removal followed by extended conjunctival transplantation. Ophthalmology 2008;115:1663–72.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hirst LW. Recurrent pterygium surgery using pterygium extended removal followed by extended conjunctival transplant: recurrence rate and cosmesis. Ophthalmology 2009;116:1278–86.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tan DT, Chee SP, Dear KB, Lim AS. Effect of pterygium morphology on pterygium recurrence in a controlled trial comparing conjunctival autografting with bare sclera excision. Arch Ophthalmol. 1997;115:1235–40.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bilal Khairidzan KMK. Removal of Tenons using hydro-fluorescein technique in pterygium surgery. In: 2019 ASCRS ASOA annual meeting. San Diego, CA: ASCRS; 2019.

Romano V, Cruciani M, Conti L, Fontana L. Fibrin glue versus sutures for conjunctival autografting in primary pterygium surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;12:Cd011308.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lan A, Xiao F, Wang Y, Luo Z, Cao Q. Efficacy of fibrin glue versus sutures for attaching conjunctival autografts in pterygium surgery: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of evidence. Oncotarget 2017;8:41487–97.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yan B, Peng L, Peng H, Zhou S, Chen B. Modified sutureless and glue-free method versus conventional sutures for conjunctival autograft fixation in primary pterygium surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Cornea 2019;38:1351–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hirst LW, Sebban A, Chant D. Pterygium recurrence time. Ophthalmology 1994;101:755–8.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Chu WK, Choi HL, Bhat AK, Jhanji V. Pterygium: new insights. Eye. 2020;34:1047–50.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mohd Radzi H, Khairidzan MK, Mohd Zulfaezal CA, Azrin EA. Corneo-pterygium total area measurements utilising image analysis method. J Optom. 2019;12:272–7.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

O'Goshi K, Serup J. Safety of sodium fluorescein for in vivo study of skin. Ski Res Technol. 2006;12:155–61.

Article  Google Scholar 

Nagaya T, Nakamura YA, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. Fluorescence-guided surgery. Front Oncol. 2017;7:314.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Takamura E, Tsubota K, Watanabe H, Ohashi Y. Diquafosol Ophthalmic Solution Phase 3 Study G. A randomised, double-masked comparison study of diquafosol versus sodium hyaluronate ophthalmic solutions in dry eye patients. Br J Ophthalmol. 2012;96:1310–5.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tey KY, Teo K, Tan ACS, Devarajan K, Tan B, Tan J, et al. Optical coherence tomography angiography in diabetic retinopathy: a review of current applications. Eye Vis. 2019;6:37.

Article  Google Scholar 

Fuest M, Mehta, JS, Coroneo, MT. New treatment options for pterygium. Expert Rev. Ophthalmol. 2017;12:193–196.

Lee JS, Ha SW, Yu S, Lee GJ, Park YJ. Efficacy and safety of a large conjunctival autograft for recurrent pterygium. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2017;31:469–78.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Janson BJ, Sikder S. Surgical management of pterygium. Ocul Surf. 2014;12:112–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bradley JC. Management of recurrent pterygium. Thorofare, NJ: Slack; 2012.

Kim KW, Kim JC. Current approaches and future directions in the management of pterygium. Int J Ophthalmol. 2018;11:709–11.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hovanesian JA, Starr CE, Vroman DT, Mah FS, Gomes JAP, Farid M, et al. Surgical techniques and adjuvants for the management of primary and recurrent pterygia. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2017;43:405–19.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Buratto L, Phillips R, Carito G. Clinical picture and classification. In: Drummond AE, editor. Pterygium Surgery. USA: SLACK; 2000. pp. 11–13.

Starck T, Kenyon KR, Serrano F. Conjunctival autograft for primary and recurrent pterygia: surgical technique and problem management. Cornea 1991;10:196–202.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Chen R, Huang G, Liu S, Ma W, Yin X, Zhou S. Limbal conjunctival versus amniotic membrane in the intraoperative application of mitomycin C for recurrent pterygium: a randomized controlled trial. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2017;255:375–85.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kumar D, Agarwal A. Pterygium: postoperative management and complications. Pterygium: techniques and technologies for surgical success. Thorofare, NJ: Slack Incorporated; 2012. pp. 111–120.