Aaron C, Chawaf A (1967) Variations de la carotid externe et des ses branches. Bull Assoc Anat 13:125–133

Google Scholar 

Adachi B (1928) Das Arteriensystem der Japaner. Verlag der Kaiserlich-Japanischen Universitat, zu Kyoto, pp 26–46, Kommission bei Maruzen Co

Ahmed R, Al-Shaarawy S, Atteya M, Al-Fayez M, Aldahmash A, Mohal S, Aziz R (2012) Anatomical variations of lingual and facial arteries in male cadavers and histological study of their structure. Int J Integr Biol 13:36–39

Google Scholar 

Anangwe D, Saidi H, Ongeng’o J, Awori KO (2008) Anatomical variations of the carotid arteries in adult Kanyans. East Afr Med J 85:244–247

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Anuradha M, Chitra S (2017) A study of the common origin of lingual and facial artery from external carotid artery. Int J Anat Res 5:3656–3658

Article  Google Scholar 

Balduzzi S, Rücker G, Schwarzer G (2019) How to perform a meta-analysis with R: a practical tutorial. Evid Based Mental Health 22:153–160. https://doi.org/10.1136/ebmental-2019-300117

Article  Google Scholar 

Cappabianca S, Scuotto A, Iaselli F, Pignatelli di Spinazzola N, Urraro F, Sarti G, Montemarano M, Grassi R, Rotondo A (2012) Computed tomography and magnetic resonance angiography in the evaluation of aberrant origin of the external carotid artery branches. Surg Radiol Anat 34:393–399

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Charles S, Rabi S, Jain A, Rana PK (2021) Origin and branching pattern of external carotid artery-a cadaveric study. Eur J Anat 25:187–196

Google Scholar 

Cobiella R, Quinones S, Aragones P, Leon X, Abramovic A, Vazquez T, Ramon Sanudo J, Maranillo E, Olewnik L, de Simon C et al (2021) Anatomic mapping of the collateral branches of the external carotid artery with regard to daily clinical practice. Ann Anat 238:151789

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Czerwinski F (1981) Variability of the course of external carotid artery and its rami in man in the light of anatomical and radiological studies. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 40:449–453

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Demirtaş İ, Ayyıldız B, Demirbaş AT, Ayyıldız S, Sönmez Topcu F, Kuş KC, Kurt MA (2022) Geometric morphometric study of anterior branches of external carotid artery and carotid bifurcation by 3D-CT angiography. Surg Radiol Anat 44(7):1029–1036. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-022-02985-w

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Devadas D, Pillay M, Sukumaran TT (2018) A cadaveric study on variations in branching pattern of external carotid artery. Anat Cell Biol 51:225–231

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dumitru CC, Vrapciu AD, Rusu MC (2024) The diversity of the Linguofacial trunk. Medicina 60:291

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Esakkiammal N, Renu C, Rakhee S (2017) Implications of variable origin of external carotid artery branches and high level bifurcation of common carotid artery. Int J Anat Res 5:3958–3963

Article  Google Scholar 

Espalieu P, Cottier M, Relave M, Youvarlakis P, Cuilleret J (1986) Radio-anatomic study of the carotid axis with regard to the implantation of microsurgical vascular anastomoses. Surg Radiol Anat 8:257–263. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02425076

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fazan VP, da Silva JH, Borges CT, Ribeiro RA, Caetano AG, Filho OA (2009) An anatomical study on the lingual-facial trunk. Surg Radiol Anat 31:267–270

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Furuya-Kanamori L, Barendregt JJ, Doi SAR (2018) A new improved graphical and quantitative method for detecting bias in meta-analysis. Int J Evid Based Healthc 16(4):195–203. https://doi.org/10.1097/XEB.0000000000000141

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gupta V, Agarwal R (2014) Anomalous branching pattern of the external carotid artery in cadavers. Int J Sci Study 2:28–31

Google Scholar 

Gwunireama I, Bob-Manuel I, Collins GA (2023) Study of morphological variations of carotid bifurcation and branching pattern of external carotid artery in adult Nigerian cadavers. Arch Curr Res Int 23:40–48

Article  Google Scholar 

Hayashi N, Hori E, Ohtani Y, Ohtani O, Kuwayama N, Endo S (2005) Surgical anatomy of the cervical carotid artery for carotid endarterectomy. Neurol Med Chir 45:25–29

Article  Google Scholar 

Heltzel S, Jelinek L, Jaynes D (2015) Variation in the caudal branches of the external carotid artery: comparison of sex and side. Med Res Arch

Henry BM, Tomaszewski KA, Ramakrishnan PK, Roy J, Vikse J, Loukas M, Tubbs RS, Walocha JA (2017) Development of the anatomical quality assessment (AQUA) tool for the quality assessment of anatomical studies included in meta-analyses and systematic reviews. Clin Anat 30(1):6–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.22799

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Henry BM, Tomaszewski KA, Walocha JA (2016) Methods of evidence-based anatomy: a guide to conducting systematic reviews and meta-analysis of anatomical studies. Ann Anat 205:16–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2015.12.002

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Herrera-Nunez M, Menchaca-Gutierrez JL, Pinales-Razo R, Elizondo-Riojas G, Quiroga-Garza A, Fernandez-Rodarte BA, Elizondo-Omana RE, Guzman-Lopez S (2020) Origin variations of the superior thyroid, lingual, and facial arteries: a computed tomography angiography study. Surg Radiol Anat 42:1085–1093

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Homze EJ, Harn SD, Bavitz BJ (1997) Extraoral ligation of the lingual artery: an anatomic study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 83:321–324

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kala M, Prakash NJ, Kumar BIN, Sailaja TK, Jayasree N (2016) Study of variations in Lingual and facial arteries. MRIMS J Health Sci 4:100–102

Article  Google Scholar 

Kitajima H, Iwai T, Yajima Y, Mitsudo K (2020) Computational Fluid Dynamics Study of Superselective intra-arterial chemotherapy for oral Cancer: Flow Simulation of Anticancer Agent in the Linguofacial trunk. Appl Sci 10:7496

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lippert H, Pabst R (1985) Arterial variations in man. JF Bergmann, München

Book  Google Scholar 

Livini F (1903) L’arteria carotis externa. Richerche Arch Ital Anat Embriol 2:653–741

Google Scholar 

Lohan DG, Barkhordarian F, Saleh R, Krishnam M, Salamon N, Ruehm SG, Finn JP (2007) MR angiography at 3 T for assessment of the external carotid artery system. AJR Am J Roentgenol 189:1088–1094

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lucev N, Bobinac D, Maric I, Drescik I (2000) Variations of the great arteries in the carotid triangle. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 122:590–591

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mata JR, Mata FR, Souza MC, Nishijo H, Ferreira TA (2012) Arrangement and prevalence of branches in the external carotid artery in humans. Ital J Anat Embryol 117:65–74

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ogeng’o JA, Misiani MK, Loyal P, Ongeti KW, Gimongo J, Inyimili MI, Murunga AK (2015) Variations in branching pattern of external carotid artery in a black Kenyan population. Anat J Afr 4:584–590

Google Scholar 

Ovhal AG, Ansari MM, Rajgopal L, Ovhal AG (2016) A cross sectional study of variations in the external carotid artery in cadavers. Ind J Clin Anat Physiol 3:282–286

Article  Google Scholar 

Ozgur Z, Govsa F, Ozgur T (2008) Assessment of origin characteristics of the front branches of the external carotid artery. J Craniofac Surg 19:1159–1166

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaff JM, Akl EA, Brennan SE, Chou R, Glanville J, Grimshaw JM, Hróbjartsson A, Lalu MM, Li T, Loder EW, Mayo-Wilson E, McDonald S, McGuinness LA, Stewart LA, Thomas J, Tricco AC, Welch VA, Whiting P, Moher D (2021) The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) 74(9):790–799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rec.2021.07.010

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Piagkou M, Triantafyllou G, Nikolopoulou E, Karampelias V, Tsakotos G (2023) Lingual and Facial Artery Fusion: a cadaveric report with clinical significance. Cureus 15(8):e43495. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.43495

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Poisel S, Golth D (1974) Variability of large arteries in the carotid trigone. Wien Med Wochenschr 124:229–232

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Quain R (1844) The anatomy of the arteries of the human body: and its applications to Pathology and operative surgery with a series of lithographic drawings. Taylor and Walton

Sanjeev I, Anita H, Ashwini M, Mahesh U, Rairam G (2010) Branching pattern of external carotid artery in human cadavers. J Clin Diagn Res 4:3128–3133

Google Scholar 

Sarna K, Sonigra KJ, Amuti T, Kamau M, Ngeow WC, Mandela Idenya P (2022) The Journey of the Lingual Artery from the Neck to the oral cavity: a cadaveric study. Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Reconstr 15:39–45

Article