Islam SM, Purnat TD, Phuong NT, Mwingira U, Schacht K, Fröschl G. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in developing countries: a symposium report. Global Health. 2014;10:81. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-014-0081-9. (In eng).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu J, Bai R, Chai Z, Cooper ME, Zimmet PZ, Zhang L. Low- and middle-income countries demonstrate rapid growth of type 2 diabetes: an analysis based on Global Burden of Disease 1990–2019 data. Diabetologia. 2022;65(8):1339–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-022-05713-6. (In eng).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Anjana RM, Pradeepa R, Deepa M, et al. The Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study: methodological details. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2011;5(4):906–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/193229681100500413.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Anjana RM, Deepa M, Pradeepa R, et al. Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in 15 states of India: results from the ICMR-INDIAB population-based cross-sectional study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;5(8):585–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30174-2.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Anjana RM, Pradeepa R, Deepa M, et al. Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance) in urban and rural India: phase I results of the Indian Council of Medical Research-INdia DIABetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study. Diabetologia. 2011;54(12):3022–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-011-2291-5.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Anjana RM, Unnikrishnan R, Deepa M, et al. Metabolic non-communicable disease health report of India: the ICMR-INDIAB national cross-sectional study (ICMR-INDIAB-17). Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2023;11(7):474–489. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(23)00119-5. (In eng).

Pradeepa R, Anjana RM, Joshi SR, et al. Prevalence of generalized & abdominal obesity in urban & rural India–the ICMR-INDIAB Study (Phase-I) [ICMR- NDIAB-3]. Indian J Med Res. 2015;142(2):139–50. https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-5916.164234.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bhansali A, Dhandania VK, Deepa M, et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for hypertension in urban and rural India: the ICMR-INDIAB study. J Hum Hypertens. 2015;29(3):204–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/jhh.2014.57. (In eng).

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Joshi SR, Anjana RM, Deepa M, et al. Prevalence of dyslipidemia in urban and rural India: the ICMR-INDIAB study. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(5): e96808. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096808.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Anjana RM, Pradeepa R, Das AK, et al. Physical activity and inactivity patterns in India - results from the ICMR-INDIAB study (Phase-1) [ICMR-INDIAB-5]. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2014;11(1): 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-11-26.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Anjana RM, Unnikrishnan R, Deepa M, et al. Achievement of guideline recommended diabetes treatment targets and health habits in people with self-reported diabetes in India (ICMR-INDIAB-13): a national cross-sectional study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022;10(6):430–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00072-9.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Expert Committee on the D, Classification of Diabetes M. Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2003;26 Suppl 1:S5–20. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.26.2007.s5.

World Health Organization and International Diabetes Federation. Definition and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and intermediate hyperglycaemia. Report of a WHO/IDF Consultation. Geneva; 2016. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/definition-and-diagnosis-of-diabetes-mellitus-and-intermediate-hyperglycaemia. Accessed 27 Jan 2024.

James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA. 2014;311(5):507–20. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.284427.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: executive summary: a report of the american college of cardiology/American heart association task force on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2018;138(17):e426–83. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000597.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Jama 2001;285(19):2486–97. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.285.19.2486.

Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD, et al. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380(9859):2224–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61766-8.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Misra A, Luthra K, Vikram NK. Dyslipidemia in Asian Indians: determinants and significance. J Assoc Phys India. 2004;52:137–42.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Belsti Y, Akalu Y, Fekadu H, Animut Y. Awareness of complications of diabetes mellitus and its associated factors among type 2 diabetic patients at Addis Zemen District Hospital, northwest Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes. 2019;12(1):602. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4637-x.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gulabani M, John M, Isaac R. Knowledge of diabetes, its treatment and complications amongst diabetic patients in a tertiary care hospital. Indian J Community Med. 2008;33(3):204–6. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.42068.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nazir SU, Hassali MA, Saleem F, Bashir S, Aljadhey H. Association between diabetes-related knowledge and medication adherence: results from cross-sectional analysis. Altern Ther Health Med. 2016;22(6):8–13.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Deepa M, Bhansali A, Anjana RM, et al. Knowledge and awareness of diabetes in urban and rural India: the Indian council of medical research India diabetes study (Phase I): Indian council of medical research India diabetes 4. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2014;18(3):379–85. https://doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.131191.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Tajima N, Noda M, Origasa H, et al. Evidence-based practice guideline for the treatment for diabetes in Japan 2013. Diabetol Int. 2015;6(3):151–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13340-015-0206-2.

Article  Google Scholar 

Abbate SL. Expanded ABCs of Diabetes. Clinical Diabetes. 2003;21(3):128–33. https://doi.org/10.2337/diaclin.21.3.128.

Article  Google Scholar 

Patra S, Bhise MD. Gender differentials in prevalence of self-reported non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in India: evidence from recent NSSO survey. J Public Health. 2016;24(5):375–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-016-0732-9.

Article  Google Scholar 

Preston SH. Urban growth in developing countries: a demographic reappraisal. Popul Dev Rev. 1979;5(2):195–215. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.1999.00757.x.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ravenstein EG. The laws of migration. J Stat Soc Lond. 1885;48(2):167–235. https://doi.org/10.2307/2979181.

Article  Google Scholar 

Dorigo G, Tobler W. Push-pull migration laws. Ann Assoc Am Geogr. 1983;73(1):1–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1983.tb01392.x.

Article  Google Scholar 

Davies AA, Borland RM, Blake C, West HE. The dynamics of health and return migration. PLoS Med. 2011;8(6): e1001046. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001046.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Garduno-Diaz SD, Khokhar S. Prevalence, risk factors and complications associated with type 2 diabetes in migrant South Asians. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2012;28(1):6–24. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.1219.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Landman J, Cruickshank JK. A review of ethnicity, health and nutrition-related diseases in relation to migration in the United Kingdom. Public Health Nutr. 2001;4(2B):647–57. https://doi.org/10.1079/phn2001148.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Patel JV, Vyas A, Cruickshank JK, et al. Impact of migration on coronary heart disease risk factors: comparison of Gujaratis in Britain and their contemporaries in villages of origin in India. Atherosclerosis. 2006;185(2):297–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.06.005.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Barnett AH, Dixon AN, Bellary S, et al. Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk in the UK south Asian community. Diabetologia. 2006;49(10):2234–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-006-0325-1.