Funding

No external funding was used in the preparation of this manuscript.

Conflict of Interest Statement

Changhoon Yoo received honoraria from Servier, Bayer, AstraZeneca, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Eisai, Celgene, Bristol Myers Squibb, Ipsen, Novartis, Boryung, Mundipharma, and Roche; and received research grants from Servier, Bayer, AstraZeneca, Ono Pharmaceuticals, Ipsen, Boryung, and Lunit Inc. Jaekyung Cheon received honoraria from AstraZeneca, MSD, Servier, Roche, and Eisai and received research grants from Bayer and Amgen. H.D.K. received honoraria from AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, ONO Pharmaceuticals, Boryung Pharmaceuticals, Daiichisankyo MSD, and Boostimmune; received research grants from AstraZeneca and Roche/Genentech; and served as a consultant for Mustbio. Joycelyn Jie Xin Lee received honoraria from Servier, AstraZeneca, Eisai, Bristol Myers Squibb, Beigene, Taiho, Sirtex, and Roche. David Tai received honoraria from Novartis, Celgene, SIRTEX, MSD, BMS, Eisai, IPSEN, Bayer, Roche, Astra Zeneca, and GSK and research grants from Novartis, SIRTEX, and BMS. Sejin Kim, Suat Ying Lee, Hyung-Don Kim, Young Gyu Park, Min-Hee Ryu, and Baek-Yeol Ryoo declare that they have no conflicts of interest that might be relevant to the contents of this manuscript.

Ethical Approval

This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Asan Medical Center (2021-0064) and National Cancer Centre Singapore (Singhealth CIRB 2018/3046) and was performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the Institutional Research Committee and the latest Declaration of Helsinki.

Consent to Participate

The need for informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board of Asan Medical Center.

Consent to Publish

Not applicable.

Data Availability Statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions.

Code Availability

Not applicable.

Author Contributions

S.K., S.Y.L., H.D.K., Y.G.P., J.J.X.L., D.T., and C.Y. participated in the study design and gathered patients’ clinical data. S.K. performed primary statistical analysis. S.K. and C.Y. prepared the first version of manuscript. All authors provided critical revision of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.