Hambleton A, Pepin G, Le A, Maloney D, Touyz S, Maguire S. Psychiatric and medical comorbidities of eating disorders: findings from a rapid review of the literature. J Eat Disord. 2022;10(1):132. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-022-00654-2.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Herpertz-Dahlmann B. Adolescent eating disorders: update on definitions, symptomatology, epidemiology, and comorbidity. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin. 2015;24(1):177–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2014.08.003.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ward ZJ, Rodriguez P, Wright DR, Austin SB, Long MW. Estimation of eating disorders prevalence by age and associations with mortality in a simulated nationally representative US cohort. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(10):e1912925. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.12925.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Austin A, Flynn M, Richards K, et al. Duration of untreated eating disorder and relationship to outcomes: a systematic review of the literature. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2021;29(3):329–45. https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.2745.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fichter MM, Quadflieg N. Six-year course and outcome of anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 1999;26(4):359–85. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-108x(199912)26:4%3c359::aid-eat2%3e3.0.co;2-7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Arcelus J, Mitchell AJ, Wales J, Nielsen S. Mortality rates in patients with anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders. A meta-analysis of 36 studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68(7):724–31. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.74.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Streatfeild J, Hickson J, Austin SB, et al. Social and economic cost of eating disorders in the United States: evidence to inform policy action. Int J Eat Disord. 2021;54(5):851–68. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23486.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Forman SF, Grodin LF, Graham DA, et al. An eleven site national quality improvement evaluation of adolescent medicine-based eating disorder programs: predictors of weight outcomes at one year and risk adjustment analyses. J Adolesc Health. 2011;49(6):594–600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.04.023.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Monge MC, Forman SF, McKenzie NM, et al. Use of psychopharmacologic medications in adolescents with restrictive eating disorders: analysis of data from the national eating disorder quality improvement collaborative. J Adolesc Health. 2015;57(1):66–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.03.021.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kapphahn CJ, Graham DA, Woods ER, et al. Effect of hospitalization on percent median body mass index at one year, in underweight youth with restrictive eating disorders. J Adolesc Health. 2017;61(3):310–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.03.020.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Forman SF, McKenzie N, Hehn R, et al. Predictors of outcome at 1 year in adolescents with DSM-5 restrictive eating disorders: report of the national eating disorders quality improvement collaborative. J Adolesc Health. 2014;55(6):750–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.06.014.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

De Young KP, Kambanis PE, Bottera AR, et al. Identifying duration criteria for eating-disorder remission and recovery through intensive modeling of longitudinal data. Int J Eat Disord. 2020;53(8):1224–33. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23249.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

le Grange D, Lock J, Loeb K, Nicholls D. Academy for Eating Disorders position paper: the role of the family in eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord. 2010;43(1):1–5. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.20751.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Field AE, Sonneville KR, Micali N, et al. Prospective association of common eating disorders and adverse outcomes. Pediatrics. 2012;130(2):e289–95. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-3663.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hudson JI, Hiripi E, Pope HG Jr, Kessler RC. The prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Biol Psychiatry. 2007;61(3):348–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.040.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Richmond TK, Woolverton GA, Mammel K, et al. How do you define recovery? A qualitative study of patients with eating disorders, their parents, and clinicians. Int J Eat Disord. 2020;53:1209–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23294.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fairburn CG, Beglin SJ. Assessment of eating disorders: interview or self-report questionnaire? Int J Eat Disord. 1994;16(4):363–70.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Engel SG, Wittrock DA, Crosby RD, Wonderlich SA, Mitchell JE, Kolotkin RL. Development and psychometric validation of an eating disorder-specific health-related quality of life instrument. Int J Eat Disord. 2006;39(1):62–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.20200.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

van Dyck Z, Hilbert A. Eating disorders in youth-questionnaire. Deutsche version. Leipzig: Universität Leipzig; 2016.

Radloff LS. The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas. 1977;1(3):385–401.

Article  Google Scholar 

Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, Löwe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(10):1092–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stockings E, Degenhardt L, Lee YY, et al. Symptom screening scales for detecting major depressive disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of reliability, validity and diagnostic utility. J Affect Disord. 2015;174:447–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.11.061.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Löwe B, Decker O, Müller S, et al. Validation and standardization of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7) in the general population. Med Care. 2008;46(3):266–74. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0b013e318160d093.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Whitney DG, Peterson MD. US national and state-level prevalence of mental health disorders and disparities of mental health care use in children. JAMA Pediatr. 2019;173(4):389–91. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.5399.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gold MA, Tzilos GK, Stein LA, et al. A randomized controlled trial to compare computer-assisted motivational intervention with didactic educational counseling to reduce unprotected sex in female adolescents. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2016;29(1):26–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2015.06.001.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Richmond TK, Woolverton GA, Mammel K, et al. How do you define recovery? A qualitative study of patients with eating disorders, their parents, and clinicians. Int J Eat Disord. 2020;53(8):1209–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23294.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bao Y, Bertoia ML, Lenart EB, et al. Origin, methods, and evolution of the three nurses’ health studies. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(9):1573–81. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2016.303338.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Loxton D, Tooth L, Harris ML, et al. Cohort profile: The Australian longitudinal study on women’s health (ALSWH) 1989–95 cohort. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(2):391–392e. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyx133.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Field AE, Camargo CA Jr, Taylor CB, et al. Overweight, weight concerns, and bulimic behaviors among girls and boys. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1999;38(6):754–60.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vitagliano JA, Jhe G, Milliren CE, et al. COVID-19 and eating disorder and mental health concerns in patients with eating disorders. J Eat Disord. 2021;9(1):80. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-021-00437-1.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lin JA, Hartman-Munick SM, Kells MR, et al. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the number of adolescents/young adults seeking eating disorder-related care. J Adolesc Health. 2021;69(4):660–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.05.019.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar