Seeing the Truth About Double Blinding

Schulz KF, Chalmers I, Altman DG. The landscape and lexicon of blinding in randomized trials. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136(3):254-9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Psaty BM, Prentice RL. Minimizing bias in randomized trials: The importance of blinding. JAMA. 2010;304:793–794.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang Y, Parpia S, Couban R, Wang Q, Armijo-Olivo S, Bassler D, Briel M, Brignardello-Petersen R, Gluud LL, Keitz SA, Letelier LM, Ravaud P, Schulz KF, Siemieniuk RAC, Zeraatkar D, Guyatt GH. Compelling evidence from meta-epidemiological studies demonstrates overestimation of effects in randomized trials that fail to optimize randomization and blind patients and outcome assessors. J Clin Epidemiol. 2023;165:111211.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Redelmeier DA, Zipursky JS. A Dose of Reality About Dose-Response Relationships. J Gen Intern Med. 2023;38(16):3604-3609.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Monaghan TF, Agudelo CW, Rahman SN, Wein AJ, Lazar JM, Everaert K, Dmochowski RR. Blinding in Clinical Trials: Seeing the Big Picture. Medicina (Kaunas). 2021;57(7):647.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rosenthal R, Fode KL. The effect of experimenter bias on the performance of the albino rat. Behav Sci. 1963;8(3):183–9.

Article  Google Scholar 

Moler FW, Silverstein FS, Holubkov R, Slomine BS, Christensen JR, Nadkarni VM, Meert KL, Clark AE, Browning B, Pemberton VL, Page K, Shankaran S, Hutchison JS, Newth CJ, Bennett KS, Berger JT, Topjian A, Pineda JA, Koch JD, Schleien CL, Dalton HJ, Ofori-Amanfo G, Goodman DM, Fink EL, McQuillen P, Zimmerman JJ, Thomas NJ, van der Jagt EW, Porter MB, Meyer MT, Harrison R, Pham N, Schwarz AJ, Nowak JE, Alten J, Wheeler DS, Bhalala US, Lidsky K, Lloyd E, Mathur M, Shah S, Wu T, Theodorou AA, Sanders RC Jr, Dean JM; THAPCA Trial Investigators. Therapeutic hypothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in children. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(20):1898-908.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Meinich Petersen S, Zoffmann V, Kjærgaard J, Graff Steensballe L, Greisen G. Disappointment and adherence among parents of newborns allocated to the control group: a qualitative study of a randomized clinical trial. Trials. 2014;15:1-1.

Article  Google Scholar 

Gustafson DH Sr, Kornfield R, Mares ML, Johnston DC, Cody OJ, Yang EF, Gustafson DH Jr, Hwang J, Mahoney JE, Curtin JJ, Tahk A, Shah DV. Effect of an eHealth intervention on older adults' quality of life and health-related outcomes: a randomized clinical trial. J Gen Intern Med. 2022;37(3):521-530.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lundberg GD. MRFIT and the goals of The Journal. JAMA. 1982;248(12):1501-2.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sedgwick P, Greenwood N. Understanding the Hawthorne effect. BMJ. 2015;h4672. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h4672.

Karanicolas PJ, Farrokhyar F, Bhandari M. Practical tips for surgical research: blinding: who, what, when, why, how? Can J Surg. 2010;53(5):345-8.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Moseley JB, O’Malley K, Petersen NJ, Menke TJ, Brody BA, Kuykendall DH, Hollingsworth JC, Ashton CM, Wray NP. A controlled trial of arthroscopic surgery for osteoarthritis of the knee. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:81–88.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jackson RW. Debate on the use of arthroscopic surgery for osteoarthritis of the knee. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2003;16(1):27-9.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Schulz KF, Grimes DA. Allocation concealment in randomised trials: defending against deciphering. Lancet 2002;359(9306):614-8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Braham R, Dawson B, Goodman C. The effect of glucosamine supplementation on people experiencing regular knee pain. Br J Sports Med 2003;37(1):45-9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cummings SR, Grady D, Hulley SB. Designing a randomized blinded trial. Designing clinical research. 2007;3(1):147-61.

Google Scholar 

Lang TA, Stroup DF. Who knew? The misleading specificity of “double-blind” and what to do about it. Trials. 2020;21:1–7.

Article  Google Scholar 

O'Grady C. Honesty papers retracted for data 'discrepancies'. Science. 2023;381(6655):255-256.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jamal SA, Hamilton CJ, Eastell R, Cummings SR. Effect of nitroglycerin ointment on bone density and strength in postmenopausal women: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2011;305(8):800-7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Eastell R, Hamilton CJ, Cummings SR. Notice of Retraction: Jamal SA, et al. Effect of Nitroglycerin Ointment on Bone Density and Strength in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Trial. JAMA. 2016;315(4):418-9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hróbjartsson A, Forfang E, Haahr MT, Als-Nielsen B, Brorson S. Blinded trials taken to the test: an analysis of randomized clinical trials that report tests for the success of blinding. Int J Epidemiol. 2007;36(3):654-63.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chaibi A, Šaltytė Benth J, Bjørn Russell M. Validation of placebo in a manual therapy randomized controlled trial. Scientific Reports. 2015;5(1):11774.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Damico KE, Stoll AL, Marangell LB, Cohen BM. How blind is double-blind? A study of fish oil versus placebo. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids. 2002;66(4):393-5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lok CE, Allon M, Donnelly S, et al. Design of the fish oil inhibition of stenosis in hemodialysis grafts (FISH) study. Clinical Trials. 2007;4(4):357-367.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Webster RK, Bishop F, Collins GS, Evers AWM, Hoffmann T, Knottnerus JA, Lamb SE, Macdonald H, Madigan C, Napadow V, Price A, Rees JL, Howick J. Measuring the success of blinding in placebo-controlled trials: Should we be so quick to dismiss it? J Clin Epidemiol. 2021;135:176-181.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Banerjee S, Hellier J, Dewey M, Romeo R, Ballard C, Baldwin R, Bentham P, Fox C, Holmes C, Katona C, Knapp M, Lawton C, Lindesay J, Livingston G, McCrae N, Moniz-Cook E, Murray J, Nurock S, Orrell M, O'Brien J, Poppe M, Thomas A, Walwyn R, Wilson K, Burns A. Sertraline or mirtazapine for depression in dementia (HTA-SADD): a randomised, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2011;378(9789):403-11.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sackett DL. Commentary: Measuring the success of blinding in RCTs: Don’t, must, can’t or needn’t? Int. J. Epidemiol. 2007;36:664–665.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Patel MR, Mahaffey KW, Garg J, Pan G, Singer DE, Hacke W, Breithardt G, Halperin JL, Hankey GJ, Piccini JP, Becker RC, Nessel CC, Paolini JF, Berkowitz SD, Fox KA, Califf RM; ROCKET AF Investigators. Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(10):883-91.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Haahr MT, Hróbjartsson A. Who is blinded in randomized clinical trials? A study of 200 trials and a survey of authors. Clinical Trials. 2006;3(4):360-365.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ioannidis JP. Why most published research findings are false. PLoS Med. 2005 Aug;2(8):e124. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bassler D, Briel M, Montori VM, et al. Stopping randomized trials early for benefit and estimation of treatment effects: systematic review and meta-regression analysis. JAMA. 2010 Mar 24;303(12):1180-7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

WHO Solidarity Trial Consortium. Remdesivir and three other drugs for hospitalised patients with COVID-19: final results of the WHO Solidarity randomised trial and updated meta-analyses. Lancet. 2022;399(10339):1941-1953.

Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

James KE, Bloch DA, Lee KK, Kraemer HC, Fuller RK. An index for assessing blindness in

留言 (0)

沒有登入
gif