Ayyaswamy B, Vaghela M, Alderton E, Majeed H, Limaye R (2021) Early Outcome of a single Peri-tendinous Hyaluronic Acid Injection for Mid-portion Non-insertional Achilles Tendinopathy - A Pilot Study. Foot 49:101738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foot.2020.101738

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Boesen AP, Hansen R, Boesen MI, Malliaras P, Langberg H (2017) Effect of high-volume injection, platelet-rich plasma, and Sham Treatment in Chronic Midportion Achilles Tendinopathy: a Randomized double-blinded prospective study. Am J Sports Med 45:2034–2043. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546517702862

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Carmont MR, Highland AM, Rochester JR, Paling EM, Davies MB (2011) An anatomical and radiological study of the fascia cruris and paratenon of the Achilles tendon. Foot Ankle Surg 17:186–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fas.2010.06.003

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chan O, O’Dowd D, Padhiar N et al (2008) High volume image guided injections in chronic Achilles tendinopathy. Disabil Rehabil 30:1697–1708. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638280701788225

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen X, Jones IA, Park C, Vangsness CT Jr (2018) The efficacy of platelet-rich plasma on Tendon and Ligament Healing: a systematic review and Meta-analysis with Bias Assessment. Am J Sports Med 46:2020–2032. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546517743746

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ghazzawi A, Theobald P, Pugh N, Byrne C, Nokes L (2009) Quantifying the motion of Kager’s fat pad. J Orthop Res 27:1457–1460. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.20900

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Haims AH, Schweitzer ME, Patel RS, Hecht P, Wapner KL (2000) MR imaging of the Achilles tendon: overlap of findings in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Skeletal Radiol 29:640–645. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002560000273

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Han M, Larson PE, Liu J, Krug R (2014) Depiction of Achilles tendon microstructure in vivo using high-resolution 3-dimensional ultrashort echo-time magnetic resonance imaging at 7 T. Invest Radiol 49:339–345. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLI.0000000000000025

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hayashi S, Kim JH, Jin ZW, Murakami G, Rodríguez-Vázquez JF, Abe H (2023) Development and growth of the calcaneal tendon sheath with special reference to its topographical relationship with the tendon of the plantaris muscle: a histological study of human fetuses. Surg Radiol Anat 45:247–253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-023-03086-y

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Joines MM, Motamedi K, Seeger LL, DiFiori JP (2007) Musculoskeletal interventional ultrasound. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 11:192–198. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1001883

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kakkos GA, Klontzas ME, Koltsakis E, Karantanas AH (2021) US-guided high-volume injection for Achilles tendinopathy. J Ultrason 21:e127–e133. https://doi.org/10.15557/JoU.2021.0021

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Khullar S, Gamage P, Malliaras P, Huguenin L, Prakash A, Connell D (2019) Prevalence of Coexistent Plantaris Tendon Pathology in patients with Mid-portion Achilles Pathology: a retrospective MRI study. Sports 7:124. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7050124

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Koo TK, Li MY (2016) A Guideline of selecting and reporting Intraclass correlation coefficients for Reliability Research. J Chiropr Med 15:155–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2016.02.012

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Leung JL, Griffith JF (2008) Sonography of chronic Achilles tendinopathy: a case-control study. J Clin Ultrasound 36:27–32. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcu.20388

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Müller SA, Evans CH, Heisterbach PE, Majewski M (2018) The role of the Paratenon in Achilles Tendon Healing: a study in rats. Am J Sports Med 46:1214–1219. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546518756093

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nielsen TG, Miller LL, Mygind-Klavsen B, Lind M (2020) The effect of high-volume image-guided injection in the chronic non-insertional Achilles tendinopathy: a retrospective case series. J Exp Orthop 7:45. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40634-020-00264-4

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Olewnik Ł, Wysiadecki G, Podgórski M, Polguj M, Topol M (2018) The Plantaris muscle Tendon and its relationship with the Achilles Tendinopathy. Biomed Res Int 2018:9623579. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9623579

Paavola M, Järvinen TA (2014) Paratendinopathy. Foot Ankle Clin 10:279–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcl.2005.01.008

Article  Google Scholar 

Silbernagel KG, Hanlon S, Sprague A (2020) Current clinical concepts: conservative management of Achilles Tendinopathy. J Athl Train 55:438–447. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-356-19

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Stecco C, Corradin M, Macchi V et al (2013) Plantar fascia anatomy and its relationship with Achilles tendon and paratenon. J Anat 223:665–676. https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12111

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Stecco C, Cappellari A, Macchi V et al (2014) The paratendineous tissues: an anatomical study of their role in the pathogenesis of tendinopathy. Surg Radiol Anat 36:561–572. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-013-1244-8

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stecco A, Busoni F, Stecco C et al (2015) Comparative ultrasonographic evaluation of the Achilles paratenon in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects: an imaging study. Surg Radiol Anat 37:281–285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-014-1338-y

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Szaro P, Polaczek M, Ciszek B (2021) The Kager’s fat pad radiological anatomy revised. Surg Radiol Anat 43:79–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-020-02552-1

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Van der Vlist AC, Winters M, Weir A et al (2021) Which treatment is most effective for patients with Achilles tendinopathy? A living systematic review with network meta-analysis of 29 randomised controlled trials. Br J Sports Med 55:249–256. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-101872

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Webborn N, Morrissey D, Sarvananthan K, Chan O (2015) Acute tear of the fascia cruris at the attachment to the Achilles tendon: a new diagnosis. Br J Sports Med 49:1398–1403. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-093273

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yammine K, Honeine MO, Alam AE, Assi C (2022) Locating the danger zone to avoid injury to the sural nerve during Achilles calcaneal tendon repair. A systematic review of cadaveric studies with clinical implications. Surg Radiol Anat 44:1131–1138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-022-02997-6

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang YJ, Xu SZ, Gu PC et al (2018) Is platelet-rich plasma injection effective for chronic Achilles Tendinopathy? A Meta-analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 476:1633–1641. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999.0000000000000258

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar