Background Patients with asthma may have symptom remission leading to a primary care code of resolved asthma. Little is known about subsequent rates of exacerbations and respiratory tract infections (RTIs).

Aim To assess the risk of adverse respiratory outcomes for people with resolved asthma compared with those with active asthma and without asthma.

Design and setting This was a retrospective cohort study of patients aged >5 years, registered with a general practice in England contributing data to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink between January 2010 and December 2019.

Method Patients with resolved asthma were matched to non-asthma controls and active asthma controls for age, sex, and practice. Negative binomial regression was used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for asthma exacerbations, RTIs, flu/pneumonia, and antibiotic prescriptions.

Results Cohorts included 16 023 patients (8720 (54.4%) females, mean age 37 years). Compared with the active asthma cohort, the resolved cohort had fewer hospital admissions (adjusted IRR 0.29, 95% CI = 0.27 to 0.32) and general practice consultations (adjusted IRR 0.05, 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.07) for asthma exacerbations. The resolved and non-asthma cohorts had similar rates of hospital admissions for RTIs or flu/pneumonia. However, the resolved cohort had significantly greater incidence of general practice consultations for lower RTIs (adjusted IRR 2.34, 95% CI = 2.08 to 2.64) and antibiotic prescriptions (adjusted IRR 1.37, 95% CI = 1.30 to 1.44).

Conclusion Patients with resolved asthma had greater risk of general practice RTI and antibiotic prescription than the general population and may benefit from defined strategies for reassessing symptoms and reinitiating asthma therapy.