Febrile seizures (FS) are the most common type of seizure in pediatrics, and patients with FS can present with recurrent febrile seizures (RFS). Some clinical factors have been known to predict RFS, but there is no consensus regarding electroencephalography (EEG). We aimed to determine the ability of EEG to predict RFS. This prospective cohort study was done in children aged between 6 and 60 months. The EEG was performed on patients 2 weeks after the FS, and the patients were followed up for 6 months. Two hundred patients were enrolled. Recurrence of febrile convulsion occurred in 27% of the patients. A higher risk of recurrent seizures was seen in females compared with males (p = 0.04, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.83), children with a family history of seizure (p = 0.011, HR = 2), people with fever-to-seizure interval <1 hour (p = 0.009, HR = 6.1), as well as 1 to 24 hours interval between fever and seizure (p = 0.033, HR = 2.15), aEnd patients with abnormal EEG findings compared with normal EEG (p = 0.001, HR = 4.45). There was no significant relationship between RFS and other studied factors. This study showed the ability of EEG to predict RFS, and the results showed a higher likelihood of recurrence occurring in subjects with abnormal rather than normal EEG.

The information of this research study is shown within the context. More information can be retained through direct contact with the corresponding author.

M.A.H. and M.M. designed the study, A.H. conducted the statistical analysis, M.D. and H.Z. conducted the data acquisition, and M.R.R. and M.A.H. prepared the manuscript. All authors critically revised the manuscript and approved the final version of the manuscript.

All subjects voluntarily entered into the study and wrote informed consent before enrolling in the study. This study is conducted based on the Helsinki statement and ethical consideration of the Qom University of Medical Science and received approval code for the protocol of study from the bioethics committee of the Qom University of Medical Science.

Received: 09 December 2023

Accepted: 27 April 2024

Article published online:
30 May 2024

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