Rawat M, Chandrasekharan PK, Williams A, Gugino S, Koenigsknecht C, Swartz D. et al. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia - a review. Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol. 2017;3:6

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Coughlin MA, Werner NL, Gajarski R, Gadepalli S, Hirschl R, Barks J, et al. Prenatally diagnosed severe CDH: mortality and morbidity remain high. J Pediatr Surg. 2016;51:1091–5.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gupta V, Harting MT, Lally PA, Miller CC, Hirschl RB, Davis CF, et al. Mortality in congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a multicenter registry study of over 5000 patients over 25 years. Ann Surg. 2023;277:520–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang MJ, Fenton S, Russell K, Yost CC, Yoder BA. Left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia: can we improve survival while decreasing ECMO? J Perinatol. 2020;40:935–42.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lichtsinn K, Waltz PK, Azzuqa A, Church J, Graham J, Troutman J, et al. Impact of a standardized management guideline for infants with CDH: a single-center experience. J Pediatr Surg. 2023;58:389–96.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rypens F, Metens T, Rocourt N, Sonigo P, Brunelle F, Quere MP, et al. Fetal lung volume: estimation at MR imaging – initial results. Radiology. 2001;219:236–41.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jani J, Nicolaides KH, Keller RL, Benachi A, Peralta CFA, Favre R. et al. Observed to expected lung area to head circumference ratio in the prediction of survival in fetuses with isolated diaphragmatic hernia. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2007;30:67–71.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jani J, Cannie M, Sonigo P, Robert Y, Moreno O, Benachi A, et al. Value of prenatal magnetic resonance imaging in the prediction of postnatal outcome in fetuses with diaphragmatic hernia. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2008;32:793–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alfaraj MA, Shah PS, Bohn D, Pantazi S, O’Brien K, Chiu PP, et al. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: lung-to-head ratio and lung volume for prediction of outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;205:43.e1–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Victoria T, Bebbington MW, Danzer E, Flake AW, Johnson MP, Dinan D, et al. Use of magnetic resonance imaging in prenatal prognosis of the fetus with isolated left congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Prenat Diagn. 2012;32:715–23.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kastenholz KE, Weis M, Hagelstein C, Weiss C, Kehl S, Schaible T, et al. Correlation of observed-to-expected MRI fetal lung volume and ultrasound lung-to-head ratio at different gestational times in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. AJR. Am J Roentgenol. 2016;206:856–66.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kim AG, Mon R, Karmakar M, Lally PA, Hirschl RB, Mychaliska GB. et al. Predicting lethal pulmonary hypoplasia in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH): institutional experience combined with CDH registry outcomes. J Pediatr Surg. 2020;55:2618–24.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Deprest JA, Nicolaides KH, Benachi A, Gratacos E, Ryan G, Persico N. et al. Randomized trial of fetal surgery for severe left diaphragmatic hernia. N Engl J Med. 2021;385:107–18.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Deprest JA, Benachi A, Gratacos E, Nicolaides KH, Berg C, Persico N. et al. Randomized trial of fetal surgery for moderate left diaphragmatic hernia. N Engl J Med. 2021;385:119–29.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Stolar CJH, Wilson JM, Losty PD, Flake AW. Fetal surgery for moderate and severe CDH - The TOTAL trials. J Pediatr Surg. 2022;57:552–3.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Deprest J, Flake A. How should fetal surgery for congenital diaphragmatic hernia be implemented in the post-TOTAL trial era: a discussion. Prenat Diagn. 2022;42:301–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Perrone EE, Karmakar M, Lally PA, Chung S, Kipfmueller F, Morini F. et al. Image-based prenatal predictors correlate with postnatal survival, extracorporeal life support use, and defect size in left congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Perinatol. 2022;42:1195–201.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cox KJ, Yang MJ, Fenton SJ, Russell KW, Yost CC, Yoder BA. Operative repair in congenital diaphragmatic hernia: how long do we really need to wait? J Pediatr Surg. 2022;57:17–23.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lally KP, Lasky RE, Lally PA, Bagolan P, Davis CF, Frenckner BP. et al. Standardized reporting for congenital diaphragmatic hernia – an international consensus. J Pediatr Surg. 2013;48:2408–15.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

The Canadian Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Collaborative. Diagnosis and management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a clinical practice guideline. CMAJ. 2018;190:E103–112.

Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Puligandla PS, Grabowski J, Austin M, Hedrick H, Renaud E, Arnold M, et al. Management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a systematic review from the APSA outcomes and evidence based practice committee. J Pediatr Surg. 2015;50:1958–70.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Snoek KG, Reiss IK, Greenough A, Capolupo I, Urlesberger B, Wessel L. et al. Standardized postnatal management of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia in Europe: The CDH EURO consortium consensus − 2015 update. Neonatology. 2016;110:66–74.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Victoria T, Danzer E, Oliver ER, Edgar JC, Iyoob S, Partridge EA, et al. Right congenital diaphragmatic hernias: is there a correlation between prenatal lung volume and postnatal survival, as in isolated left diaphragmatic hernias? Fetal Diagn Ther. 2018;43:12–18.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Danzer E, Chock VY, Chung S, Noh CY, Lally PA, Harting MT. et al. Image-based prenatal predictors of postnatal survival, extracorporeal life support, and defect size in right congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Perinatol. 2022;42:1202–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cole FS. Fetal tracheal occlusion for congenital diaphragmatic hernia. N. Engl J Med. 2021;385:177–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Belfort MA, Olutoye OO, Cass DL, OlutoyeOA, Cassady CI, Mehollin-Ray AM, et al. Feasibility and outcomes of fetoscopic tracheal occlusion for severe left diaphragmatic hernia. Obstet Gynecol. 2017;129:20–29.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Junior EA, Tonni G, Martins WP, Ruano R. Procedure-related complications and survival following fetoscopic endotracheal occlusion (FETO) for severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia: Systematic review and meta-analysis in the FETO era. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2017;27:297–305.

Article  Google Scholar 

Campiglio CE, Villonio M, Dellaca RL, Mosca F, Draghi L. An injectable, degradable hydrogel plug for tracheal occlusion in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2019;99:430–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Khalaj K, Figueira RL, Antounians L, Gandhi S, Wales M, Montalva L, et al. Treatment with amniotic fluid stem cell extracellular vesicles promotes fetal lung branching and cell differentiation at canalicular and saccular stages in experimental pulmonary hypoplasia secondary to congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2022;11:1089–102.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Perrone EE, Abbasi N, Sanz Cortes M, Umar U, Ryan G, Johmsom A. et al. Prenatal assessment of congenital diaphragmatic hernia at North American fetal therapy network centers: a continued plea for standardization. Prenat Diagn. 2021;41:200–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hedrick HL, Danzer E, Merchant A, Bebbington MW, Zhao H, Flake AW, et al. Liver position and lung-to-head ratio for prediction of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and survival in isolated left congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007;197:422.e1–422.e4.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Oluyomi-Obi T, Kuret V, Puligandla P, Lodha A, Lee-Robertson H, Lee K, et al. Antenatal predictors of outcome in prenatally diagnosed congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). J Pediatr Surg. 2017;52:881–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Snoek KG, Peters NCJ, van Rosmalen J, van Heijst AFJ, Eggink AJ, Sikkel E, et al. The validity of the observed-to-expected lung-to-head ratio in congenital diaphragmatic hernia in an era of standardized neonatal treatment; a multicenter study. Prenat Diagn. 2017;37:658–65.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Masahata K, Yamoto M, Umeda S, Nagata K, Terui K, Fujii M, et al. Prenatal predictors of mortality in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Surg Int. 2022;38:1745–57.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Olutoye OO 2nd, Mehl SC, Moturu A, Pettit RW, Coleman RD, Vogel AM, et al. Risk stratification by percent liver herniation in congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Surg Res. 2023;282:168–73.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Niemiec SM, Louiselle AE, Phillips R, Gien J, Zaretsky MV, Derderian SC, et al. Third-trimester percentage predicted lung volume and percentage liver herniation as prognostic indicators in congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Pediatr Radio. 2023;53:479–86.

Article  Google Scholar