confocal laser scanning microscopy

4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole

Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Fn, Fusobacterium nucleatum

Fastidious Anaerobe agar

glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase

human periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells

monocyte chemoattractant protein-1

multiplicity of infection

3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)−2-diphenyltetrazolium bromide

Pg, Porphyromonas gingivalis

phosphate-buffered saline

penicillin-streptomycin

quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction

receptor activator of nuclear factor-B ligand

standard error of the mean

Tf, Tannerella forsythia

tumor necrosis factor α

Porphyromonas gingivalis

Tannerella forsythia

Human periodontal ligament mesenchymal stromal cells

Inflammatory mediators

Bacterial viability

© 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.