Arnold M, Abnet CC, Neale RE, et al. Global burden of 5 major types of gastrointestinal cancer. Gastroenterology. 2020;159:335–49. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.02.068.

Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics. 2020 GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71:209–49. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660.

Kilian M, Chapple ILC, Hannig M, et al. The oral microbiome – an update for oral healthcare professionals. Br Dental J. 2016;221:657–66. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2016.865.

Reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses: PRISMA 2020 checklist, Equator network. https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/prisma/ . Accessed 9 February 2023.

Wells G, Shea S, O’Connell D, et al. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of non-randomized studies in meta-analyses. https://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.asp . Accessed 20 February 2023.

Sterne JA, Egger M. Funnel plots for detecting bias in meta-analysis: guidelines on choice of axis. J Clin Epidemiol. 2001;54:1046–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00377-8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang X, Liu B, Lynn HS, Chen K, Dai H. Poor oral health and risks of total and site-specific cancers in China: a prospective cohort study of 0.5 million adults. Lancet Clin Med. 2022;45:101330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101330.

Article  Google Scholar 

Zhang J, Bellocco R, Englund GS, Yu J, Chen MS, Ye W. Poor oral health and esophageal cancer risk: a nationwide cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2022;31:1418–25. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-22-0151.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ndegwa N, Ploner A, Liu Z, Roosaar A, Axell T, Ye W. Association between poor oral health and gastric cancer: a prospective cohort study. Int J Cancer. 2018;143:2281–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.31614.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jorda HWT, McKenna G, McMenamin UC, Kunzmann AT, Murray LJ, Coleman HG. The association between self-reported poor oral health and gastrointestinal cancer risk in the UK Biobank: a large prospective cohort study. United Eur Gastroenterol J. 2019;7:1241–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050640619858043.

Article  Google Scholar 

Huang J, Roosaar A, Axell T, Ye W. A prospective cohort study on poor oral hygiene and pancreatic cancer risk. Int J Cancer. 2016;138:340–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29710.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gerlovin H, Michaud DS, Cozier YC, Palmer JR. Oral health in relation to pancreatic cancer risk in African American women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2019;28:675–9. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-18-1053.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang S, Yu P, Wang JB, Fan JH, Qiao YL, Taylor PR. Association between tooth loss and upper gastrointestinal cancer: a 30-year follow-up of the Linxian Dysplasia Nutrition Intervention Trial Cohort. Thoracic Cancer. 2019;10:966–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/1759-7714.13037.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yano Y, Abnet CC, Poustchi H, et al. Oral health and risk of upper gastrointestinal cancers in a large prospective study from a high-risk region: Golestan cohort study. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2021;14:709–18. https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-20-0577.

Kim EH, Nam S, Park CH, et al. Korea. Periodontal disease and cancer risk: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Front Oncol Cancer Epidemiol Prev. 2022;12:901098. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.901098.

Article  Google Scholar 

Momen-Heravi F, Babic A, Tworoger SS, et al. Periodontal disease, tooth loss, and colorectal cancer risk: results from the Nurses’ Health Study. Int J Cancer. 2017;140:646–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.30486.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kang EJ, Moon SJ, Lee K, Park IH, Kim JS, Choi YJ. Associations between missing teeth and the risk of cancer in Korea: a nationwide cohort study. BMC Oral Health. 2023;23:418. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-023-02997-x.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xuan K, Jha AR, Zhao T, Uy JP, Sun C. Is periodontal disease associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer? A meta-analysis. Int J Dent Hyg. 2021;19:50–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/idh.12483.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ren HG, Luu HN, Cai H, et al. Oral health and risk of colorectal cancer: results from three cohort studies and a meta-analysis. Annals Oncol. 2016;27:1329–36. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdw172.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhang Y, Sun C, Song EJ, et al. Is periodontitis a risk indicator for gastrointestinal cancers? A meta-analysis of cohort studies. J Clin Periodontol. 2019;47:134–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13217.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Groß RW, Schmieder E, Fetzner UK, Kleinert R, Nisi A, Saely C. Beeinflusst das orale Mikrobiom kanzerogene Veränderungen des Ösophagus? [Does the Oral Microbiome Influence Carcinogenic Changes of the Esophagus? - A Systematic Review]. Ther Umsch. 2022;79:159–66. https://doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930/a001343.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nair SR, Shreelakshmi, Bharatwaj VV, et al. Systematic review on the use of Indian Gooseberry in improvement of oral hygiene. Drugs Cell Ther Hematol. 2021;10: 2611–20. http://dcth.org/index.php/journal/article/view/551

Suganya P, Sindhu R, Prashanthy MR, et al. Does coconut oil combat Streptococcus mutans- a systematic review. Drugs Cell Ther Hematology. 2021;10:1805–11.

Google Scholar