As a dual-functional catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), Ru clusters have great potential, but there are certain difficulties in their stability on the substrate and the tunability of their electronic environment. Here, S doped graphited biochar aerogel electrocatalyst was designed and synthesized using terrestrial lignin and algal polysaccharide as carbon substrate. The Ru clusters were anchored on S-doped carbon aerogel (P-Ru/SC) by carefully designing the Ru-S bond by a novel plasma assisted high temperature carbonization. The optimized P-Ru/SC-2 catalyst exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance for HER and OER, achieving ultra-small overpotentials of 119.6 mV and 193.4 mV at 10 mA cm-2. The dual-electrode requires only 1.47 V to reach 10 mA cm-2. It is worth noting that a large number of S sites on graphited carbon can strongly interact with the Ru clusters, significantly improving the catalytic activity and stability for HER and OER.

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