Sleep disturbance is associated with the development of neurodegenerative disease. We aimed to address the effects of sleep quality on brain glucose metabolism measured by 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in healthy middle-aged adults. A total of 378 healthy men (mean age: 42.8 years) were included in this study. Participants underwent brain 18F-FDG PET and completed the Korean version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-K). Additionally, anthropometric measurements were obtained. PETs were spatially normalized to MNI space using PET templates from SPM5 with PMOD. The Automated Anatomical Labeling 2 atlas was used to define regions of interest (ROIs). The mean uptake of each ROI was scaled to the mean of the global cortical uptake of each individual and defined as the standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR). After the logarithmic transformation of the regional SUVR, the effects of the PSQI-K on the regional SUVR were investigated using Bayesian hierarchical modeling. Brain glucose metabolism of the posterior cingulate, precuneus, and thalamus showed a negative association with total PSQI-K scores in the Bayesian model ROI-based analysis. Voxel-based analysis using statistical parametric mapping revealed a negative association between the total PSQI-K scores and brain glucose metabolism of the precuneus, postcentral gyrus, posterior cingulate, and thalamus. Poor sleep quality is negatively associated with brain glucose metabolism in the precuneus, posterior cingulate, and thalamus. This finding may provide a link between sleep quality and the risk of neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, the importance of sleep should not be overlooked, even in healthy middle-aged adults.

The authors have declared no competing interest.

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The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Changwon Samsung Hospital. The requirement for informed consent was waived owing to the retrospective study design.

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All data produced in the present study are available upon reasonable request to the authors