Gibson JN, Waddell G (2005) Surgery for degenerative lumbar spondylosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005:CD001352

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sihvonen T, Herno A, Paljarvi L, Airaksinen O, Partanen J, Tapaninaho A (1993) Local denervation atrophy of paraspinal muscles in postoperative failed back syndrome. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 18:575–581

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Soliman HM (2013) Irrigation endoscopic discectomy: a novel percutaneous approach for lumbar disc prolapse. Eur Spine J 22:1037–1044

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Choi DJ, Choi CM, Jung JT, Lee SJ, Kim YS (2016) Learning curve associated with complications in biportal endoscopic spinal surgery: challenges and strategies, Asian. Spine J 10:624–629

Google Scholar 

Choi CM (2020) Biportal endoscopic spine surgery (BESS): considering merits and pitfalls. J Spine Surg 6:457–465

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang JC, Li ZZ, Cao Z, Zhu JL, Zhao HL, Hou SX (2023) Modified unilateral biportal endoscopic lumbar discectomy results in improved clinical outcomes. World Neurosurg 169:e235–e244

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pao JL, Lin SM, Chen WC, Chang CH (2020) Unilateral biportal endoscopic decompression for degenerative lumbar canal stenosis. J Spine Surg 6:438–446

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Heo DH, Son SK, Eum JH, Park CK (2017) Fully endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion using a percutaneous unilateral biportal endoscopic technique: technical note and preliminary clinical results. Neurosurg Focus 43:E8

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Choi CM, Chung JT, Lee SJ, Choi DJ (2016) How I do it? Biportal endoscopic spinal surgery (BESS) for treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 158:459–463

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Song KS, Lee CW, Moon JG (2019) Biportal endoscopic spinal surgery for bilateral lumbar foraminal decompression by switching surgeon’s position and primary 2 portals: a report of 2 cases with technical note. Neurospine 16:138–147

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kim JE, Choi DJ, Park E, Lee HJ, Hwang JH, Kim MC, Oh JS (2019) Biportal endoscopic spinal surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis, Asian. Spine J 13:334–342

Google Scholar 

Kim JS, Park CW, Yeung YK, Suen TK, Jun SG, Park JH (2021) Unilateral Bi-portal endoscopic decompression via the contralateral approach in asymmetric spinal stenosis: a technical note, Asian. Spine J 15:688–700

Google Scholar 

Xu R, Burgar A, Ebraheim NA, Yeasting RA (1999) The quantitative anatomy of the laminas of the spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 24:107–113

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ebraheim NA, Miller RM, Xu R, Yeasting RA (1997) The location of the intervertebral lumbar disc on the posterior aspect of the spine. Surg Neurol 48:232–236

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ebraheim NA, Lu J, Hao Y, Biyani A, Yeasting RA (1997) Anatomic considerations of the lumbar isthmus. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 22:941–945

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jianye W, Xin L, Lin T, Ning S, Yuefei L, Jingwei B, Changzhen L, Zhaozhong S (2023) Measuring the position relation between nerve tissue and bony structure in lumbar spinal canal decompression area by constructing a three-dimensional model of the lumbar spine. Chin J Tissue Eng Res 27:539–546

Google Scholar 

Hwa EJ, Hwa HD, Son SK, Park CK (2016) Percutaneous biportal endoscopic decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis: a technical note and preliminary clinical results. J Neurosurg Spine 24:602–607

Article  Google Scholar 

Kim JY, Heo DH (2021) Contralateral sublaminar approach for decompression of the combined lateral recess, foraminal, and extraforaminal lesions using biportal endoscopy: a technical report. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 163:2783–2787

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Olszewski AD, Yaszemski MJ, White AR (1996) The anatomy of the human lumbar ligamentum flavum. New observations and their surgical importance. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 21:2307–2312

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Min WK, Kim JE, Choi DJ, Park EJ, Heo J (2020) Clinical and radiological outcomes between biportal endoscopic decompression and microscopic decompression in lumbar spinal stenosis. J Orthop Sci 25:371–378

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Iizuka Y, Iizuka H, Mieda T, Tajika T, Yamamoto A, Takagishi K (2016) Epidemiology and associated radiographic spinopelvic parameters of symptomatic degenerative lumbar scoliosis: are radiographic spinopelvic parameters associated with the presence of symptoms or decreased quality of life in degenerative lumbar scoliosis? Eur Spine J 25:2514–2519

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Natarajan RN, Andersson GB, Patwardhan AG, Andriacchi TP (1999) Study on effect of graded facetectomy on change in lumbar motion segment torsional flexibility using three-dimensional continuum contact representation for facet joints. J Biomech Eng 121:215–221

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hamasaki T, Tanaka N, Kim J, Okada M, Ochi M, Hutton WC (2009) Biomechanical assessment of minimally invasive decompression for lumbar spinal canal stenosis: a cadaver study. J Spinal Disord Tech 22:486–491

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Abumi K, Panjabi MM, Kramer KM, Duranceau J, Oxland T, Crisco JJ (1990) Biomechanical evaluation of lumbar spinal stability after graded facetectomies. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 15:1142–1147

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

De Antoni DJ, Claro ML, Poehling GG, Hughes SS (1996) Translaminar lumbar epidural endoscopy: anatomy, technique, and indications. Arthroscopy 12:330–334

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ozer AF, Oktenoglu T, Sasani M, Bozkus H, Canbulat N, Karaarslan E, Sungurlu SF, Sarioglu AC (2006) Preserving the ligamentum flavum in lumbar discectomy: a new technique that prevents scar tissue formation in the first 6 months postsurgery. Neurosurgery 59:ONS 126-ONS133 (discussion ONS126–33)

Google Scholar 

Aydin Y, Ziyal IM, Duman H, Turkmen CS, Basak M, Sahin Y (2002) Clinical and radiological results of lumbar microdiskectomy technique with preserving of ligamentum flavum comparing to the standard microdiskectomy technique. Surg Neurol 57:5–13 (discussion 13–4)

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar