Ajzenberg D, Lamaury I, Demar M, Vautrin C, Cabié A, Simon S, Nicolas M, Desbois-Nogard N, Boukhari R, Riahi H, Dardé ML, Massip P, Dupon M, Preux PM, Labrunie A, Boncoeur MP (2016) Performance testing of PCR assay in blood samples for the diagnosis of toxoplasmic encephalitis in AIDS patients from the French Departments of America and Genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii: a prospective and multicentric study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10(6):1–17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004790

Article  Google Scholar 

Alfonso Y (2015) Multiplex PCR to detect T. gondii infection based on B1 Gene and 529 bp repetitive element. J AIDS Clin Res 06(03):1–5. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6113.1000435

Article  Google Scholar 

Anselmo LMP, Vilar FC, Lima JE, Yamamoto AY, Bollela VR, Takayanagui OM (2014) Usefulness and limitations of polymerase chain reaction in the etiologic diagnosis of neurotoxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients. J Neurol Sci 346(1–2):231–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2014.08.034

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Anushya C, Soumiya PR, Swetha K, Prabhu N (2019) A review on types of polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis and cloning technique. Eur J Biotechnol Biosci 7(5):80–85

Google Scholar 

Azoulay E, Russell L, Van de Louw A, Metaxa V, Bauer P, Povoa P, Montero JG, Loeches IM, Mehta S, Puxty K, Schellongowski P, Rello J, Mokart D, Lemiale V, Mirouse A (2020) Nine-i Investigators. Diagnosis of severe respiratory infections in immunocompromised patients. Intensive Care Med. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-019-05906-5

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Blom MPK (2021) Opportunities and challenges for high-quality biodiversity tissue archives in the age of long-read sequencing. Mol Ecol 30(23):5935–5948. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.15909

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bollani L, Auriti C, Achille C, Garofoli F, De Rose DU, Meroni V, Salvatori G, Tzialla C (2022) Congenital toxoplasmosis: the state of the art. Front Pediatr 10(July):1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.894573

Article  Google Scholar 

Bourdin C, Busse A, Kouamou E, Touafek F, Bodaghi B, Le Hoang P, Mazier D, Paris L, Fekkar A (2014) PCR-based detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in blood and ocular samples for diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis. J Clin Microbiol 52(11):3987–3991. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01793-14

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Brenier-Pinchart MP, Capderou E, Bertini RL, Bailly S, Fricker-Hidalgo H, Varlet-Marie E, Murat JB, Sterkers Y, Touafek F, Bastien P, Pelloux H (2015) Molecular diagnosis of toxoplasmosis: value of the buffy coat for the detection of circulating Toxoplasma gondii. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 82(4):289–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.04.004

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brenier-Pinchart MP, Varlet-Marie E, Robert-Gangneux F, Filisetti D, Guitard J, Sterkers Y, Yera H, Pelloux H, Bastien P (2021) Impact of pre-analytic step duration on molecular diagnosis of toxoplasmosis for five types of biological samples. PLoS ONE 16(2 February):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246802

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Burg JL, Grover CM, Pouletty P, Boothroyd JC (1989) Direct and sensitive detection of a pathogenic protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii, by polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 27:1787–1792

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cassaing S, Bessières MH, Berry A, Berrebi A, Fabre R, Magnaval JF (2006) Comparison between two amplification sets for molecular diagnosis of toxoplasmosis by real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol 44(3):720–724. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.44.3.720-724.2006

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Costa MESM, Oliveira CBS, Andrade JMA, Medeiros TA, Andrade Neto VF, Lanza DCF (2016) An alternative nested-PCR assay for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii strains based on GRA7 gene sequences. Acta Trop 159:120–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.03.035

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Crossley BM, Bai J, Glaser A, Maes R, Porter E, Killian ML, Clement T, Toohey-Kurth K (2020) Guidelines for Sanger sequencing and molecular assay monitoring. J Vet Diagn Invest 32(6):767–775. https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638720905833

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

de Barros RAM, Torrecilhas AC, Marciano MAM, Mazuz ML, Pereira-Chioccola VL, Fux B (2022) Toxoplasmosis in human and animals around the world. Diagnosis and perspectives in the one health approach. Acta Trop 231(January):106432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106432

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Delgado ILS, Zúquete S, Santos D, Basto AP, Leitão A, Nolasco S (2022) The apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma Gondii. Encyclopedia 2(1):189–211. https://doi.org/10.3390/ENCYCLOPEDIA2010012

Article  Google Scholar 

Devarakonda S, Morgensztern D, Govindan R (2013) Role of next-generation sequencing technologies. Target Ther Oncol 122(1):1–15. https://doi.org/10.1201/b15944-6

Article  Google Scholar 

Dian S, Ganiem AR, Ekawardhani S (2023) Cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients: a review. Pathog Glob Health 117(1):14–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/20477724.2022.2083977

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Eldeek HEM, Ahmad AAR, El-Mokhtar MA, Abdel Kader ARMM, Mandour AM, Mounib MEM (2017) Toxoplasma genotyping in congenital toxoplasmosis in Upper Egypt: evidence of type I strain. Parasitol Res 116(9):2393–2406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-017-5541-8

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Elsheikha HM, Marra CM, Zhu XQ (2020) Epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of cerebral toxoplasmosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 34(1):1–28. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00115-19

Article  Google Scholar 

Eren K, Taktakoğlu N, Pirim I (2022) DNA sequencing methods: from past to present. Eurasian J Med 54(January):S47–S56. https://doi.org/10.5152/eurasianjmed.2022.22280

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Fallahi S, Kazemi B, Seyyed SJ, Bandehpour M, Lasjerdi Z, Taghipour N, Zebardast N (2014) Parasitology international comparison of the RE and B1 gene for detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in children with cancer. Parasitol Inter 63(1):37–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2013.08.005

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Fanigliulo D, Marchi S, Montomoli E, Trombetta CM (2020) Toxoplasma gondii in women of childbearing age and during pregnancy: seroprevalence study in Central and Southern Italy from 2013 to 2017. Parasite 27:27–30. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2019080

Article  Google Scholar 

Farhadi A, Haniloo A, Fazaeli A, Moradian S, Farhadi M (2017) PCR-based diagnosis of Toxoplasma parasite in ocular infections having clinical indications of toxoplasmosis. Iran J Parasitol 12(1):56–62

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fekkar A, Bodaghi B, Touafek F, Le Hoang P, Mazier D, Paris L (2008) Comparison of immunoblotting, calculation of the goldmann-witmer coefficient, and real-time PCR using aqueous humor samples for diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis. J Clin Microbiol 46(6):1965–1967. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01900-07

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Filisetti D, Yera H, Villard O, Escande B, Wafo E, Houfflin-Debarge V, Delhaes L, Bastien P (2015) Contribution of neonatal amniotic fluid testing to diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis. J Clin Microbiol 53(5):1719–1721. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02358-14

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gajria B, Bahl A, Brestelli J, Dommer J, Fischer S, Gao X, Heiges M, Iodice J, Kissinger JC, Mackey AJ, Pinney DF, Roos DS, Stoeckert CJ, Wang H, Brunk BP (2008) ToxoDB: an integrated Toxoplasma gondii database resource. Nucleic Acids Res 36(SUPPL. 1):553–556. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkm981

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Galal L, Ajzenberg D, Hamidović A, Durieux MF, Dardé ML, Mercier A (2018) Toxoplasma and Africa: one parasite, two opposite population structures. Trends Parasitol 34(2):140–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2017.10.010

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Garibyan L, Avashia N (2013a) Polymerase chain reaction. J Invest Dermatol 133(3):1–4. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2013.1

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Garibyan L, Avashia N (2013b) Research techniques made simple: polymerase chain reaction (PCR). J Invest Dermatol 133(3):20382. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2013.1.Research

Article  Google Scholar 

Garweg JG, De Groot-Mijnes JDF, Montoya JG (2011) Diagnostic approach to ocular toxoplasmosis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 19(4):255–261. https://doi.org/10.3109/09273948.2011.595872

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gomez CA, Sahoo MK, Kahn GY, Zhong L, Montoya JG, Pinsky BA, Doan T (2019) Dual-target, real-time PCR for the diagnosis of intraocular Toxoplasma gondii infections. Br J Ophthalmol 103(4):569–572. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-313064

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Green MR, Sambrook J (2019) Polymerase chain reaction. Cold Spring Harbor Protoc 2019(6):436–456. https://doi.org/10.1101/pdb.top095109

Article  Google Scholar 

Greigert V, Bittich-Fahmi F, Pfaff AW (2020) Pathophysiology of ocular toxoplasmosis: facts and open questions. PLoS NeglTrop Dis 14(12):1–18. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008905

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Gupta N, Verma VK (2019) Next-generation sequencing and its application: empowering in public health beyond reality. 313–341. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8844-6_15

Heather JM, Chain B (2016) The sequence of sequencers: the history of sequencing DNA. Genomics 107(1):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2015.11.003

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hegazy MK, Awad SI, Saleh NE, Hegazy MM (2020) Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) of Toxoplasma DNA from dried blood spots. Exp Parasitol 211(January):107869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107869