Influence of parental nativity and perceived neighborhood environment on physical activity and screen time of United States youth

Characteristics of the neighborhood environment can serve as barriers (e.g., litter) and facilitators (e.g., presence of sidewalks) to youth engaging in sufficient physical activity and limiting screen time (Bejarano et al., 2019). Beyond the actual environment's influence on these behaviors, parental perceptions of the neighborhood environment also exert a strong influence on these behaviors in their children (Hunter et al., 2020; Kepper et al., 2019; Parajara et al., 2020). However, not all youth have access to neighborhood environments that are conducive to meeting physical activity and screen time guidelines, and minoritized communities (e.g., Hispanic communities) in the United States (U.S.) tend to live in areas that are less supportive of healthy behaviors (Suminski et al., 2011; Singh et al., 2010; Franzini et al., 2010; Jones et al., 2015). Most foreign-born parents in the U.S. are part of minoritized communities (Passel and Rohal, 2015) while still only composing a small portion of that larger community (Ruther et al., 2018). Little is known about the physical activity and screen time behaviors of the children of foreign-born parents and how those parents' perceptions of the neighborhood influence their children's behaviors. It is possible that given an unknown environment, foreign-born parents may be warier of their children being active outside. Alternatively, they may come from a culture in which children tend to be more physically active outdoors and spend less time indoors using screens. There is a need for more research on the physical activity and screen time behaviors of the children of foreign-born parents and how parental perceptions of the neighborhood may influence their children's behaviors. The purpose of this study was to assess how the perceived neighborhood environment, including neighborhood safety, support, amenities, and detractors, are associated with physical activity and screen time behavior of children and adolescents across the U.S., and how that relationship may differ by parental nativity. We hypothesized that more positive evaluations of the perceived neighborhood environment would be associated with higher levels of physical activity and lower levels of screen time in both children and adolescents, and that the relationship would differ for U.S.-born versus foreign-born parents (no hypothesized directionality).

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