Trauma refers to the destruction of the structure and function of tissues and organs caused by external forces acting on the body. It can be divided into open and closed trauma according to the skin integrity after injury [1]. With the rapid development of agriculture, manufacturing industry and transportation industry, the number of casualties caused by various accidents has gradually increased. Because of the sudden feature of trauma, its severity can sometimes not be accurately judged, and the severe patients are at any time exposed to the risk of massive hemorrhage, shock and asphyxia. With the continuous progress of medical technology, physical trauma can be alleviated or even rehabilitated through a variety of effective treatments. However, so far, there is still no particularly effective treatment for patients with psychological disorders, which leads to the decline of patients' quality of life and their inability to integrate into society [2].

Many studies have shown that various mental diseases, such as acute and chronic stress disorder, may occur in the body within a certain time after injury or trauma [3], [4], [5], [6]. Acute stress disorder (ASD) is an acute stress reaction that occurs within 2 days to 4 weeks after an individual experiences death, fear or other traumatic events [7]. It has four symptom groups: mental separation, repeated experience of related events, avoidance and high vigilance [8]. ASD and Post traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) have similar symptom groups, and ASD are good predictors of PTSD [9,10]. Therefore, early and timely intervention is very important for high-risk groups to prevent traumatic stress reaction from developing into chronic PTSD [10].

Briere et al. investigated 96 patients hospitalized due to trauma. The results showed that 22.9 % of the subjects had ASD after 2 to 3 weeks of follow-up. Path analysis showed that gender, lifelong cumulative trauma exposure and peri traumatic stress (PD) were the direct factors affecting ASD [11]. A meta-analysis from the Netherlands showed that the overall prevalence of ASD during hospitalization was 1 % ∼37 % [4]. The existing surveils and analyses in China show that the incidence of ASD in trauma inpatients was 25 %∼46.51 % [12], and the incidence of ASD is related to gender, social support level, hospitalization, complications, pain degree, etc. [12]. As a country with a large population, mental health problems have become the focus of attention in China [13]. The problems are increasingly prominent and need to be solved urgently.

Although at present, China and other countries have conducted research on the influencing factors of ASD in some special populations, they are mainly carried out under the background of major natural disasters, wars, abuse, etc., and there are few reports on the influencing factors and pathogenesis of post-traumatic ASD. Thus, we hope to conduct a general study on the influencing factors of post-traumatic ASD, assuming that various population characteristics are the influencing factors of traumatic ASD, and these factors have different effects on different dimensions of ASD. In this study, we recruited trauma inpatients and non-trauma inpatients from September 2020 to August 2021 in three general hospitals in Zunyi City, and conducted a special survey and follow-up on the inpatients according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. We collected the general demographic characteristics, trauma conditions, and analyzed the main influencing factors of ASD in all patients especially in traumatic inpatients, and provided theoretical basis and practical reference for early clinical identification and ASD intervention.