Ferenci P, Lockwood A, Mullen K et al. Hepatic encephalopathy—definition, nomenclature, diagnosis, and quantification: final report of the working party at the 11th World Congresses of Gastroenterology, Vienna, 1998. Hepatology 2002;35:716–721.
Vilstrup H, Amodio P, Bajaj J et al. Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: 2014 Practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the European Association for the Study of the Liver. Hepatology 2014;60:715–735.
American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, European Association for the Study of the Liver. Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease. practice guideline by the European Association for the Study of the Liver and the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. J Hepatol 2014;2014:642–659.
European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatic encephalopathy. J Hepatol 2022;77:807–824.
Bajaj JS, O’Leary JG, Tandon P et al. Hepatic encephalopathy is associated with mortality in patients with cirrhosis independent of other extrahepatic organ failures. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017;15:565–574.
Patidar KR, Thacker LR, Wade JB et al. Covert hepatic encephalopathy is independently associated with poor survival and increased risk of hospitalization. Am J Gastroenterol 2014;109:1757.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Tapper EB, Aberasturi D, Zhao Z et al. Outcomes after hepatic encephalopathy in population-based cohorts of patients with cirrhosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2020;51:1397–1405.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Moon AM, Kim HP, Jiang Y et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of lactulose and Rifaximin on patient-reported outcomes in hepatic encephalopathy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2023;118:284–293.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Bajaj JS, Saeian K, Schubert CM et al. Minimal hepatic encephalopathy is associated with motor vehicle crashes: the reality beyond the driving test. Hepatology 2009;50:1175–1183.
Gluud LL, Jeyaraj R, Morgan MY. Outcomes in clinical trials evaluating interventions for the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2019;9:354–361.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Tapper EB, Henderson JB, Parikh ND et al. Incidence of and risk factors for hepatic encephalopathy in a population-based cohort of Americans With cirrhosis. Hepatol Commun. 2019;3:1510–1519.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
D’Amico G, Garcia-Tsao G, Pagliaro L. Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrhosis: a systematic review of 118 studies. J Hepatol 2006;44:217–231.
Bajaj JS, Lauridsen M, Tapper EB et al. Important unresolved questions in the management of hepatic encephalopathy: An ISHEN consensus. Am J Gastroenterol 2020;115:989–1002.
Bajaj JS, Pinkerton SD, Sanyal AJ, Heuman DM. Diagnosis and treatment of minimal hepatic encephalopathy to prevent motor vehicle accidents: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Hepatology 2012;55:1164–1171.
Bajaj JS, Sanyal AJ, Bell D et al. Predictors of the recurrence of hepatic encephalopathy in lactulose-treated patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010;31:1012–1017.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Zeng Z, Li YY, Jia L et al. Influence of lactulose on the cognitive level and quality of life in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Chin J Clin Rehabil 2006;10:165–167.
Bass NM, Mullen KD, Sanyal A et al. Rifaximin treatment in hepatic encephalopathy. N Engl J Med 2010;362:1071–1081.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Ali B, Zaidi YA, Alam A, Anjum HA. Efficacy of Rifaximin in prevention of recurrence of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis of liver. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2014;24:269–273.
Kimer A, Krag A, Møller S et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: the effects of rifaximin in hepatic encephalopathy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014;40:123–132.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Sanyal A, Younossi ZM, Bass NM et al. Randomised clinical trial: Rifaximin improves health-related quality of life in cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy—a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011;34:853–861.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Sidhu SS, Goyal O, Parker RA et al. Rifaximin vs. lactulose in treatment of minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Liver Int 2016;36:378–85.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Kimer N, Krag A, Moller S et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: The effects of rifaximin in hepatic encephalopathy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014;40:123–132.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Bajaj JS. Review article: potential mechanisms of action of rifaximin in the management of hepatic encephalopathy and other complications of cirrhosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016;43:11–26.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Prasad S, Dhiman RK, Duseja A et al. Lactulose improves cognitive functions and health-related quality of life in patients with cirrhosis who have minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology 2007;45:549–559.
Flamm SL. Rifaximin treatment for reduction of risk of overt hepatic encephalopathy recurrence. Ther Adv Gastroenterol. 2011;4:199–206.
Hudson M, Schuchmann M. Long-term management of hepatic encephalopathy with lactulose and/or rifaximin: a review of the evidence. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019;31:434–450.
Dhiman RK, Thumburu KK, Verma N et al. Comparative efficacy of treatment options for minimal hepatic encephalopathy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020;18:800–812.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Wang Z, Chu P, Wang W. Combination of rifaximin and lactulose improves clinical efficacy and mortality in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. Drug Des Devel Ther 2018;13:1–11.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Sharma BC, Sharma P, Lunia MK et al. A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial comparing rifaximin plus lactulose with lactulose alone in treatment of overt hepatic encephalopathy. Am J Gastroenterol 2013;108:1458–1463.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Fu J, Gao Y, Shi L. Combination therapy with rifaximin and lactulose in hepatic encephalopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 2022;17:e0267647.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Sanyal AJ, Heimanson Z, Israel R, et al. Prevention of overt hepatic encephalopathy recurrence with rifaximin alone versus rifaximin plus lactulose therapy: Impact on quality of life and caregiver burden in patients with cirrhosis. Presented at Hospital Medicine April 8–11, 2018, Orlando, FL, 2018.
Bajaj JS, Heuman DM, Wade JB et al. Rifaximin improves driving simulator performance in a randomized trial of patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Gastroenterology 2011;140:478–487.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Rahim MN, Miquel R, Heneghan MA. Approach to the patient with acute severe autoimmune hepatitis. JHEP Rep 2020;2:100149.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Taylor MJ, McNicholas C, Nicolay C et al. Systematic review of the application of the plan-do-study-act method to improve quality in healthcare. BMJ Qual Saf. 2014;23:290–298.
Kobsa A. Personalized hypermedia systems may be in conflict with privacy concerns of computer. Commun ACM 2002;45:64–67.
Lampe C, Wohn DY, Vitak J et al. Student use of Facebook for organizing collaborative classroom activities. Int J Comput Support Collab Learn 2011;6:329–347.
Garett R, Chiu J, Zhang L, Young SD. A literature review: website design and user engagement. Online J Commun Media Technol. 2016;6:1–14.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Constantiou I, Kallinikos J. (2015). New games, new rules: big data and the changing context of strategy, LSE Research Online Documents on Economics, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
Grol R. Successes and failures in the implementation of evidence-based guidelines for clinical practice. Med Care 2001;39:II46-54.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Sittig DF, Wright A, Osheroff JA et al. Grand challenges in clinical decision support. J Biomed Inform. 2008;41:387–392.
Fontaine P, Ross SE, Zink T, Schilling LM. Systematic review of health information exchange in primary care practices. J Am Board Fam Med 2010;23:655–670.
Carroll C, Patterson M, Wood S et al. A conceptual framework for implementation fidelity. Implementation Sci 2007;2:40.
留言 (0)