Alpha Scientists in Reproductive MedicineEuropean Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology Special Interest Group of Embryology. The Istanbul consensus workshop on embryo assessment: proceedings of an expert meeting. Hum Reprod. 2011;26:1270–83.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lim AS, Goh VH, Su CL, Yu SL. Microscopic assessment of pronuclear embryos is not definitive. Hum Genet. 2000;107(1):62–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Staessen C, Van Steirteghem AC. The chromosomal constitution of embryos developing from abnormally fertilized oocytes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection and conventional in-vitro fertilization. Hum Reprod. 1997;12(321–7):11.

Google Scholar 

Mutia K, Wiweko B, Iffanolida PA, Febri RR, Muna N, Riayati O, Jasirwan SO, Yuningsih T, Mansyur E, Hestiantoro A. The frequency of chromosomal euploidy among 3PN embryos. J Reprod Infertil. 2019;20(3):127–31.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Capalbo A, Treff N, Cimadomo D, Tao X, Ferrero S, Vaiarelli A, Colamaria S, Maggiulli R, Orlando G, Scarica C, Scott R, Ubaldi FM, Rienzi L. Abnormally fertilized oocytes can result in healthy live births: improved genetic technologies for preimplantation genetic testing can be used to rescue viable embryos in in vitro fertilization cycles. Fertil Steril. 2017;108:1007–15.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Takahashi H, Hirata R, Otsuki J, Habara T, Hayashi N. Are tri-pronuclear embryos that show two normal-sized pronuclei and additional smaller pronuclei useful for embryo transfer? Repord Med Biol. 2022;21(1):e12462.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ezoe K, Takahash T, Shimazaki K, Miki T, Tanimura Y, Amagai A, Sawado A, Akaike H, Mogi M, Kaneko S, Kato M, Kato K, Tarozzi N, Borin A, Coticchio G. Human 1PN and 3PN zygotes recapitulate all morphokinetic events of normal fertilization but reveal novel developmental errors. Hum Reprod. 2022;37(10):2307–19.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Caroselli S, Figliuzzi M, Cogo F, Zambon P, Favero F, Anastasi A, Capodanno F, Gallinelli A, Cimadomo D, Rienzi L, Ubaldi F, Miravet-Valenciano J, Blesa-Jarque D, Simon C, Capalbo A. Improved clinical validity of Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy (PGT-A) using a next-generation sequencing workflow for simultaneous detection of aneuploidy, ploidy and common pathogenic microdeletions. Hum Reprod. 2023-04-03;38(4):762–5.

World Health Organization. WHO laboratory manual for the Examination and processing of human semen (5th ed.) World Health Organization. 2010. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/343208.

Xiong S, Li W, Wang J, Liu J, Gao Y, Wu L, Zhu J, Hao X, Li J, Liu D, Han W, Huang G. Trophectoderm biopsy protocols may impact the rate of mosaic blastocysts in cycles with pre-implantation genetic testing for aneuploidy. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2021;38(5):1153–62.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xiong S, et al. Effects of cumulus cells removal after 6 h co-incubation of gametes on the outcomes of human IVF. J Assist Reprod Gen. 2011;28(12):1205–11.

Article  Google Scholar 

Gardner DK, Schoolcraft WB. In vitro culture of human blastocyst. In: Mortimer JR, editor. Toward reproductive certainty: infertility and genetics beyond 1999: Carnforth. Parthenon Press; 1999. p. 378–88.

Google Scholar 

Kim KH, Kim EY, Lee KA. GAS6 ameliorates advanced age-associated meiotic defects in mouse oocytes by modulating mitochondrial function. Aging (Albany NY). 2021;13(14):18018–32.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nagaoka SI, Hassold TJ, Hunt PA. Human aneuploidy: mechanisms and new insights into an age-old problem. Nat Rev Genet. 2012;13:493–504.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sainte-Rose R, Petit C, Dijols L, Frapsauce C, Guerif F. Extended embryo culture is effective for patients of an advanced maternal age. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):13499. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92902-9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jasirwan S, Iffanolida P, Andika SV, Friska D, Wiweko B. Relationship between morphology of tripronuclear embryo and chromosomal abnormalities potential in intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2019;10:S92–8.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Yalçınkaya E, Özay A, Ergin EG, Öztel Z, Özörnek H. Live birth after transfer of a tripronuclear embryo: An intracytoplasmic sperm injection as a combination of microarray and time-lapse technology. Turk J Obstet Gyneco. 2016;13(2):95–8.

Article  Google Scholar 

Bardos J, Kwal J, Caswell W, Jahandideh S, Stratton M, Tucker M, DeCherney A, Devine K, Hill M, O’Brien JE. Reproductive genetics laboratory may impact euploid blastocyst and live birth rates: a comparison of 4 national laboratories’ PGT-A results from vitrified donor oocytes. Fertil Steril. 2023;119(1):29–35.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yl Ma, Liu LW, Liu YX, Shi GH, Ai XX, Hou WH, Mai QY, Xu YW. Which type of chromosomal mosaicism is compatible for embryo transfer: a systematical review and meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2022;306(6):1901–11.

Article  Google Scholar 

Cascales A, Lledó B, Ortiz JA, Morales R, Ten J, Llácer J, Bernabeu R. Effect of ovarian stimulation on embryo aneuploidy and mosaicism rate. Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2021;67(1):42–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang HY, Liu Y, Niu WB, Yang Z, Wang Y, Jin HX, Li G. Correlation study of male semen parameters and embryo aneuploidy in preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:1072176.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Escriba C, Alambiaga A, Benavent M, Miret C, Garcia A, Lozano M, Gonzalez D, Crespo J, Teruel J. Embryo quality needs to be considered as a main criterion when selecting mosaic embryos for transfer. Hum Reprod. 2021; 36(Suppll1): deab 130.531. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deab130.531.

Dang TT, Phung TM, Le H, Nguyen TB, Nguyen TS, Nguyen TL, Nga VT, Chu DT, Hoang VL, Nguyen DB. Preimplantation genetic testing of aneuploidy by next generation sequencing: association of maternal age and chromosomal abnormalities of blastocyst. Basic Clin Med Res Vietnam. 2019;30:4427–31.

Google Scholar 

Daughtry BL, Rosenkrantz JL, Lazar NH, Fei SS, Redmayne N, Torkenczy KA, Adey A, Yan M, Gao L, Park B, Nevonen KA, Carbone L, Chavez SL. Single-cell sequencing of primate preimplantation embryos reveals chromosome elimination via cellular fragmentation and blastomere exclusion. Genome Res. 2019;29(3):367–82.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hardy K. Cell death in the mammalian blastocyst. Mol Hum Reprod. 1997;3:919–25.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar