Volume 49, Issue 6, June 2024, 102563Author links open overlay panel, Abstract

Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have emerged as a novel category of blood glucose-lowering drugs in clinical recommendations for a wide range of diseases. SGLT2 inhibitors are promising anti-inflammatory agents by acting either indirectly via improving metabolism and reducing stress conditions or via direct modulation of inflammatory signaling pathways. The SGLT2 inhibitors empagliflozin and dapagliflozin better vascular function and avert vascular aging by decreasing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and increasing nitric oxide bioavailability, respectively. It was discovered that ipragliflozin has the ability to prevent dysfunction of the endothelium, and this effect was connected with oxidative stress. According to published data, SGLT2 inhibitors may delay vascular aging and arrest the development of endothelial dysfunction in animal models of type 2 diabetes (T2D) by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and glucose toxicity and increasing the survival of hyperglycemic endothelial cells. The adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) molecule plays a vital role in the regulation of bioenergy metabolism and is pivotal in our understanding of diabetes mellitus and other metabolic disorders. It has been hypothesized that SGLT2 inhibitors may indirectly affect AMPK to reduce mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity. Numerous studies have demonstrated that SGLT2 inhibitors can activate AMPK by restoring the AMP/ATP balance in favor of AMP, which is assumed to be the mechanism by which these medications have positive effects on the cardiac structure and microvessel.

Section snippetsEthics approval and consent to participate

This is a review of a recently published article in Current Problems in Cardiology, no ethics approval and consent to participate was required.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable, please contact author for data requests.

Author Contributions

XHa: Concept/Design, Data analysis/interpretation, drafting article, Critical revision of article, Approval of article, Statistics, Funding, Data collection.

DYb: Concept/Design, Data analysis, drafting article, Critical revision of article, Approval of article.

Funding

Not applicable

Declaration of competing interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Acknowledgments

All authors contribute equally to this manuscript and are considered as first co-authors.

References (5)

There are more references available in the full text version of this article.

View full text

© 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.