Karimi J, Goodarzi M, Tavilani H, Khodadadi I, Amiri I. Increased receptor for advanced glycation end products in spermatozoa of diabetic men and its association with sperm nuclear DNA fragmentation. Andrologia. 2012;44:280–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cho N, Shaw J, Karuranga S, Huang Y, da Rocha FJ, Ohlrogge A, Malanda B. IDF diabetes atlas: global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018;138:271–81.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Maresch CC, Stute DC, Alves MG, Oliveira PF, de Kretser DM, Linn T. Diabetes-induced hyperglycemia impairs male reproductive function: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update. 2018;24(1):86–105.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang Y, Zhang Z, Guo W, Sun W, Miao X, Wu H, Cong X, Wintergerst KA, Kong X, Cai L. Sulforaphane reduction of testicular apoptotic cell death in diabetic mice is associated with the upregulation of Nrf2 expression and function. Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metab. 2014;307(1):E14–23.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rashid K, Sil PC. Curcumin ameliorates testicular damage in diabetic rats by suppressing cellular stress-mediated mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum-dependent apoptotic death. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Mol Basis Dis. 2015;1852(1):70–82.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bener A, Al-Ansari AA, Zirie M, Al-Hamaq AO. Is male fertility associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus? Int Urol Nephrol. 2009;41(4):777–84.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vlassara H, Uribarri J. Advanced glycation end products (AGE) and diabetes: cause, effect, or both? Curr DiabRep. 2014;14(1):1–10.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Mallidis C, Agbaje I, Rogers D, Glenn J, McCullough S, Atkinson AB, Steger K, Stitt A, McClure N. Distribution of the receptor for advanced glycation end products in the human male reproductive tract: prevalence in men with diabetes mellitus. Hum Reprod. 2007;22(8):2169–77.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

MacLean M, Derk J, Ruiz HH, Juranek JK, Ramasamy R, Schmidt AM. The Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) and DIAPH1: Implications for vascular and neuroinflammatory dysfunction in disorders of the central nervous system. Neurochem Int. 2019;126:154–64.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Eurich DT, McAlister FA, Blackburn DF, Majumdar SR, Tsuyuki RT, Varney J, Johnson JA. Benefits and harms of antidiabetic agents in patients with diabetes and heart failure: systematic review. BMJ. 2007;335(7618):497.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tilburt JC, Kaptchuk TJ. Herbal medicine research and global health: an ethical analysis. Bull World Health Organ. 2008;86:594–9.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gauttam VK, Kalia AN. Development of polyherbal antidiabetic formulation encapsulated in the phospholipids vesicle system. J Adv Pharma Technol Res. 2013;4(2):108.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Al-Ghaithi F, El-Ridi MR, Adeghate E, Amiri MH. Biochemical effects of Citrullus colocynthis in normal and diabetic rats. Mol Cell Biochem. 2004;261(1):143–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shi C, Karim S, Wang C, Zhao M, Murtaza G. A review on antidiabetic activity of Citrullus colocynthis Schrad. Acta Pol Pharm. 2014;71(3):363–7.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hussain AI, Rathore HA, Sattar MZ, Chatha SA, Sarker SD, Gilani AH. Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad (bitter apple fruit): A review of its phytochemistry, pharmacology, traditional uses and nutritional potential. J Ethnopharmacol. 2014;155(1):54–66.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Benariba N, Djaziri R, Bellakhdar W, Belkacem N, Kadiata M, Malaisse WJ. Phytochemical screening and free radical scavenging activity of Citrullus colocynthis seeds extracts. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2013;3(1):35–40.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Abdulridha MK, Al-Marzoqi A-H. The anticancer efficiency of Citrullus colocynthis toward the colorectal cancer therapy. J Gastrointest Cancer. 2020;51:439–44.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hassan M, Zahra N, Shafi A, Shahzadi S, Moustafa A, Kloczkowski AJRAiA-IDDFRPoA-IDD. Investigation of Antiinflammatory, Antipyretic and Analgesic Activities of Citrullus colocynthisin Albino Rats through in vivo and Pharmacoinformatics Studies. 2024;19(2):119–36.

Marzouk B, Marzouk Z, Décor R, Edziri H, Haloui E, Fenina N, Aouni M. Antibacterial and anticandidal screening of Tunisian Citrullus colocynthis Schrad. from Medenine. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009;125(2):344–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Morales-González JA, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Sánchez-Gutiérrez M, Izquierdo-Vega JA, Valadez-Vega MDC, Álvarez-González I, Morales-González Á, Madrigal-Santillán E. Garlic (Allium sativum L.): A brief review of its antigenotoxic effects. Foods. 2019;8(8):343.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shang A, Cao S-Y, Xu X-Y, Gan R-Y, Tang G-Y, Corke H, Mavumengwana V, Li HB. Bioactive compounds and biological functions of garlic (Allium sativum L.). Foods. 2019;8(7):246.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rahmani G, Farajdokht F, Mohaddes G, Babri S, Ebrahimi V, Ebrahimi H. biochemistry: Garlic (Allium sativum) improves anxiety-and depressive-related behaviors and brain oxidative stress in diabetic rats. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2020;126(2):95–100.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sanie-Jahromi F, Zia Z, Afarid MJCM. A review on the effect of garlic on diabetes BDNF, and VEGF as a potential treatment for diabetic retinopathy. Chin Med. 2023;18(1):18.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mariee AD, Abd-Allah GM, El-Yamany MF. Biochemistry a: Renal oxidative stress and nitric oxide production in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats: the possible modulatory effects of garlic (Allium sativum L.). Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 2009;52(3):227–32.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chang SH, Liu CJ, Kuo CH, Chen H, Lin WY, Teng KY, Chang SW, Tsai CH, Tsai FJ, Huang C-Y, et al. Garlic oil alleviates MAPKs-and IL-6-mediated diabetes-related cardiac hypertrophy in STZ-induced DM rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:950150.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hammami I, Nahdi A, Atig F, El May A, El May MV. Garlic (Allium sativum) feeding impairs Sertoli cell junctional proteins in male Wistar rat testis: microscopy study. Andrologia. 2016;48(10):1281–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mohammadzadeh A, Gol A. Synergistic properties of garlic and Citrullus colocynthis on reproductive injury caused by diabetes in male rats: structural and molecular evidence. J Food Biochem. 2022;46(12):e14467.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Masjedi F, Gol A, Dabiri S. Preventive effect of garlic (Allium sativum L.) on serum biochemical factors and histopathology of pancreas and liver in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Iran J Pharm Res. 2013;12(3):325.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang Y. Epididymal sperm count. Curr Protocols Toxicol. 2002;14(1):16.16-11 16.16.15.

Article  Google Scholar 

Aydın A, Küçükgergin C, Çoban J, Doğan-Ekici I, Doğru-Abbasoğlu S, Uysal M, Koçak-Toker NJA. Carnosine prevents testicular oxidative stress and advanced glycation end product formation in D-galactose-induced aged rats. Andrologia. 2018;50(3):e12939.

Article  Google Scholar 

Naghizadeh M, Kabiri R, Hatami A, Oloumi H, Nasibi F, Tahmasei ZJP. Exogenous application of melatonin mitigates the adverse effects of drought stress on morpho-physiological traits and secondary metabolites in Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica). Physiol Mol Biol Plants. 2019;25:881–94.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ostovan F, Gol A, Javadi A. Protective properties of Rydingia persica in reproductive complications induced by diabetes in male rats: an experimental study. Int J Reprod Biomed. 2022;20(2):123.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nevin K, Rajamohan T. physiology: Effect of topical application of virgin coconut oil on skin components and antioxidant status during dermal wound healing in young rats. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2010;23(6):290–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gaunay G, Nagler HM, Stember DS. Reproductive sequelae of diabetes in male patients. Endocrinol Metab Clin. 2013;42(4):899–914.

Article  Google Scholar 

Drissi F, Lahfa F, Gonzalez T, Peiretti F, Tanti J-F, Haddad M, Fabre N, Govers R. A Citrullus colocynthis fruit extract acutely enhances insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake in adipocytes by increasing PKB phosphorylation. J Ethnopharmacol. 2021;270:113772.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Adedara IA, Okpara ES, Busari EO, Omole O, Owumi SE, Farombi EO. Dietary protocatechuic acid abrogates male reproductive dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats via suppression of oxidative damage, inflammation and caspase-3 activity. Eur J Pharmacol. 2019;849:30–42.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li IC, Lin S, Tsai YT, Hsu JH, Chen YL, Lin WH, Chen CC. Cordyceps cicadae mycelia and its active compound HEA exert beneficial effects on blood glucose in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. J Sci Food Agric. 2019;99(2):606–12.

Article  CAS  PubMed