Kaul A, Gordon C, Crow MK et al (2016) Systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Rev Dis Primer 2(1):1–21
Fanouriakis A, Kostopoulou M, Andersen J et al (2024) EULAR recommendations for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus: 2023 update. Ann Rheum Dis 83(1):15–29. https://doi.org/10.1136/ard-2023-224762
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Ruiz-Irastorza G, Ramos-Casals M, Brito-Zeron P et al (2010) Clinical efficacy and side effects of antimalarials in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review. Ann Rheum Dis 69(01):20–28
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Ruiz-Irastorza G, Martín-Iglesias D, Soto-Peleteiro A (2020) Update on antimalarials and systemic lupus erythematosus. Curr Opin Rheumatol 32(6):572–582
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Dima A, Jurcut C, Chasset F et al (2022) Hydroxychloroquine in systemic lupus erythematosus: overview of current knowledge. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 14. https://doi.org/10.1177/1759720X211073001
Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Dunogué B, Leroux G et al (2015) A critical review of the effects of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine on the eye. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 49(3):317–326
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Ozawa H, Ueno S, Ohno-Tanaka A et al (2021) Ocular findings in Japanese patients with hydroxychloroquine retinopathy developing within 3 years of treatment. Jpn J Ophthalmol 65(4):472–481
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Wolfe F, Marmor MF (2010) Rates and predictors of hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Care Res 62(6):775–784
Melles RB, Marmor MF (2014) The risk of toxic retinopathy in patients on long-term hydroxychloroquine therapy. JAMA Ophthalmol 132(12):1453–1460
Pelegrín L, Morató M, Araújo O et al (2023) Preclinical ocular changes in systemic lupus erythematosus patients by optical coherence tomography. Rheumatology (Oxford) 62(7):2475–2482
Jorge A, Ung C, Young LH et al (2018) Hydroxychloroquine retinopathy — implications of research advances for rheumatology care. Nat Rev Rheumatol 14(12):693–703
Yusuf IH, Sharma S, Luqmani R et al (2017) Hydroxychloroquine retinopathy. Eye 31(6):828–845
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ding HJ, Denniston AK, Rao VK et al (2016) Hydroxychloroquine-related retinal toxicity. Rheumatology (Oxford) 55(6):957–967
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Doyno C, Sobieraj DM, Baker WL (2021) Toxicity of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine following therapeutic use or overdose. Clin Toxicol 59(1):12–23
Petri M, Elkhalifa M, Li J et al (2020) Hydroxychloroquine blood levels predict hydroxychloroquine retinopathy. Arthritis Rheumatol 72(3):448–453
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hochberg MC (1997) Updating the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 40(9):1725–1725
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Aringer M, Costenbader K, Daikh D et al (2019) 2019 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 78(9):1151–1159
Yu CY, Kuo CF, Chou IJ et al (2022) Comorbidities of systemic lupus erythematosus prior to and following diagnosis in different age-at-onset groups. Lupus 31(8):963–973
Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS et al (2018) 2017 guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 71(19):e127-248
ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR et al (2022) 2 Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of care in diabetes—2023. Diabetes Care 46(Supplement 1):S19-40
Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL et al (2019) 2018 guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 73(24):3168–3209
Webster AC, Nagler EV, Morton RL et al (2017) Chronic kidney disease. The Lancet 389(10075):1238–1252
Marmor MF, Carr RE, Easterbrook M et al (2002) Recommendations on screening for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine retinopathy: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology 109(7):1377–1382
Marmor MF, Kellner U, Lai TYY et al (2011) Revised recommendations on screening for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine retinopathy. Ophthalmology 118(2):415–422
Marmor MF, Kellner U, Lai TYY et al (2016) Recommendations on screening for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine retinopathy (2016 revision). Ophthalmology 123(6):1386–1394
Marmor MF, Chien FY, Johnson MW (2013) Value of red targets and pattern deviation plots in visual field screening for hydroxychloroquine retinopathy. JAMA Ophthalmol 131(4):476–480
Anderson C, Blaha GR, Marx JL (2011) Humphrey visual field findings in hydroxychloroquine toxicity. Eye (Lond) 25(12):1535–1545
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Marmor MF (2012) Comparison of screening procedures in hydroxychloroquine toxicity. Arch Ophthalmol 130(4):461–469
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Chen E, Brown DM, Benz MS et al (2010) Spectral domain optical coherence tomography as an effective screening test for hydroxychloroquine retinopathy (the «flying saucer» sign). Clin Ophthalmol Auckl NZ 4:1151–1158
Araújo O, Hernández-Rodríguez J, Pelegrín L et al (2022) Why lupus patients discontinue antimalarials in real life: a 50 years-experience from a reference centre. Lupus 31(11):1344–1354
The Royal College of Ophthalmologists - Hydroxychloroquine and ocular toxicity recommendations on screening (2009) http://bmec.swbh.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/OCULAR-TOXICITY-OF-HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE.pdf. Accessed 29 Aug 2023
Yusuf IH, Foot B, Galloway J et al (2018) The Royal College of Ophthalmologists recommendations on screening for hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine users in the United Kingdom: executive summary consensus-statement. Eye (Lond) 32(7):1168–1173
Yusuf IH, Foot B, Lotery AJ (2021) The Royal College of Ophthalmologists recommendations on monitoring for hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine users in the United Kingdom (2020 revision): executive summary. Eye (Lond) 35(6):1532–1537
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Araújo O, Pelegrín L, Espinosa G et al (2021) Antimalarial-induced retinal toxicity. Rev Colomb Reumatol 28:132–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcreu.2021.05.010
Garrity ST, Jung JY, Zambrowski O et al (2019) Early hydroxychloroquine retinopathy: optical coherence tomography abnormalities preceding Humphrey visual field defects. Br J Ophthalmol 103(11):1600–1604
Elder M, Rahman AMA, McLay J (2006) Early paracentral visual field loss in patients taking hydroxychloroquine. Arch Ophthalmol 124(12):1729–1733
Jover JA, Leon L, Pato E et al (2012) Long-term use of antimalarial drugs in rheumatic diseases. Clin Exp Rheumatol 30(3):380–387
Almeida-Brasil CC, Hanly JG, Urowitz M et al (2022) Retinal toxicity in a multinational inception cohort of patients with systemic lupus on hydroxychloroquine. Lupus Sci Med 9(1):e000789. https://doi.org/10.1136/lupus-2022-000789
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Moschos MN, Moschos MM, Apostolopoulos M et al (2004) Assessing hydroxychloroquine toxicity by the multifocal ERG. Doc Ophthalmol 108(1):47–53
Michaelides M, Stover NB, Francis PJ et al (2011) Retinal toxicity associated with hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine: risk factors, screening, and progression despite cessation of therapy. Arch Ophthalmol 129(1):30–39
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Farrell DF (2012) Retinal toxicity to antimalarial drugs: chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine: a neurophysiologic study. Clin Ophthalmol Auckl NZ 6:377–383
Manoj M, Sahoo RR, Singh A et al (2021) Prevalence of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy with long-term use in a cohort of Indian patients with rheumatic diseases. Rheumatol Int 41(5):929–937
留言 (0)