Untwisting healthcare access disparities: A comprehensive analysis of demographic, socio-economic and racial disparities impacting patient outcomes in myocardial infarction patients

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) stands as a formidable challenge to global public health, ranking among the leading causes of mortality in the developed world. The prevalence of myocardial infarction is 3 million worldwide, contributing to over 1 million deaths annually in the United States alone.1 The global prevalence of MI under the age of 60 is 3.8 % and over the age of 60 is 9.5 %.2 These figures underscore the pervasive nature of myocardial infarction and the critical need for comprehensive research and interventions. Patients suffering from myocardial infarction exhibit multiple risk factors, such as obesity, unhealthy dietary habits, sedentary lifestyles, and hypertension.3 While significant advances have been made in the treatment of MI, disparities in awareness, diagnosis, and treatment continue to exist among different populations.4 Gender disparities introduce another layer of complexity, Women are less likely than men to receive timely diagnosis and treatment for MI, even when presenting with similar symptoms.5,6

In writing this article Behavioural risk factor surveillance system (BRFSS) data was used to examine and analyze trends, prevalence, and disparities related to myocardial infarction. BRFSS is the largest and most comprehensive telephone survey system in the United States, collecting data on health behaviours, chronic conditions, and preventive care among adults.7

There are many studies done on BRFSS in the topic of healthcare access disparities in the United States among patients with myocardial infarction (MI) such as “the role of socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, and insurance coverage in access to cardiac rehabilitation among patients with acute myocardial infarction” used BRFSS and collected data from 2014 to 2015 and found that lower socioeconomic status, minority race/ethnicity, and lack of health insurance were all associated with reduced odds of receiving cardiac rehabilitation (CR).8

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