S. Das, M. Chakraborty, ASK and PPM modulation based FSO system under varying weather conditions” in 2016 IEEE 7th Annual Ubiquitous Computing, Electronics & Mobile Communication Conference (UEMCON) (IEEE, 2016), pp. 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1109/UEMCON.2016.7777825

A.K. Majumdar, Advanced Free Space Optics (FSO): A Systems Approach (Springer, 2014)

H. Kaushal, G. Kaddoum, Optical communication in space: challenges and mitigation techniques. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 19(1), 57–96 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2016.2603518

Article  Google Scholar 

R. Ji, S. Wang, Q. Liu, W. Lu, High-speed visible light communications: enabling technologies and state of the art. Appl. Sci. 8(4), 589 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/app8040589

Article  Google Scholar 

P. Colella, P.R. Woodward, The piecewise parabolic method (PPM) for gas-dynamical simulations. J. Comput. Phys. 54(1), 174–201 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9991(84)90143-8

Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

A. Sangeetha, N. Sharma, I. Deb, Feasibility Evaluation of MIMO Based FSO Links. J. Commun. 14(3), 187–194 (2019)

Google Scholar 

A. Shabaneh, Investigative modeling of symmetric fiber bragg grating as dispersion compensation for optical transmission system. Opt. Pura Apl. 53(4), 7 (2020)

Article  Google Scholar 

C.-Y. Hong, Y.-F. Zhang, M.-X. Zhang, L.M.G. Leung, L.-Q. Liu, Application of FBG sensors for geotechnical health monitoring, a review of sensor design, implementation methods and packaging techniques. Sens. Actuators, A 244, 184–197 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2016.04.033

Article  Google Scholar 

A. Rezayat et al., Reconstruction of impacts on a composite plate using fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) and inverse methods. Compos. Struct. 149, 1–10 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.03.065

Article  Google Scholar 

A. Malik, P. Singh, Free space optics: current applications and future challenges. Int. J. Opt. (2015). https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/945483

Article  Google Scholar 

A.G. Alkholidi, K.S. Altowij, Free space optical communications—theory and practices. Contemp. Issues Wirel. Commun. (2014). https://doi.org/10.5772/58884

Article  Google Scholar 

F. Xu, M.-A. Khalighi, S. Bourennane, Impact of different noise sources on the performance of PIN-and APD-based FSO receivers, in Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Telecommunications (IEEE, 2011), pp. 211–218

M.W. Sadiq, M.A. Kabir, Design and implementation of reconfigurable ASK and FSK modulation and demodulation algorithm on FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array). Sens. Int. 3, 100155 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sintl.2021.100155

Article  Google Scholar 

A. Jain, R. Bahl, A. Banik, Demonstration of RZ-OOK modulation scheme for high speed optical data transmission, in 2014 11th International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks (WOCN) (IEEE, 2014), pp. 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/WOCN.2014.6923082

Z. Zhu, M. Funabashi, Z. Pan, L. Paraschis, D.L. Harris, S.B. Yoo, High-performance optical 3R regeneration for scalable fiber transmission system applications. J. Lightwave Technol. 25(2), 504–511 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2006.888256

Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Z. Ghassemlooy, A. Hayes, N.L. Seed, E. Kaluarachchi, Digital pulse interval modulation for optical communications. IEEE Commun. Mag. 36(12), 95–99 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1109/35.735885

Article  Google Scholar 

G.A. Mahdiraji, E. Zahedi, Comparison of selected digital modulation schemes (OOK, PPM and DPIM) for wireless optical communications, in 2006 4th Student Conference on Research and Development (IEEE, 2006), pp. 5–10. https://doi.org/10.1109/SCORED.2006.4339297

A. Wu, S. He, Y. Ren, N. Wang, S.C.M. Ho, G. Song, Design of a new stress wave-based pulse position modulation (PPM) communication system with piezoceramic transducers. Sensors 19(3), 558 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/s19030558

Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Y.-C. Tung, M. Zhang, C.-T. Lin, K. Kurabayashi, S.J. Skerlos, PDMS-based opto-fluidic micro flow cytometer with two-color, multi-angle fluorescence detection capability using PIN photodiodes. Sens. Actuators, B Chem. 98(2–3), 356–367 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2003.10.010

Article  Google Scholar 

L. Mandel, Fluctuations of photon beams: the distribution of the photo-electrons. Proc. Phys. Soc. (1958–1967) 74(3), 233 (1959). https://doi.org/10.1088/0370-1328/74/3/301

Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

L.D. Hutcheson, P. Hangen, A. Husain, Optical interconnects replace hardwire: Light promises to relieve bottlenecks in electric interconnections from cabinet to cabinet, board to board, IC to IC—and even within chips. IEEE Spectr. 24(3), 30–35 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.1987.6447996

Article  Google Scholar