This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Martin Keenan: Writing – review & editing. Ali S. Khashan: Writing – review & editing. Laura J. O'Byrne: Writing – review & editing. Gerard W. O'Keeffe: Writing – review & editing. Sukainah Al Khalaf: Writing – review & editing. Gillian M. Maher: Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing.

No conflicts of interest, including financial interest.

We are grateful to, the UK Data Service for making the data available to researchers, and to the children and families who took part in the study.

There are more references available in the full text version of this article.

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