This review aims to provide an overview of the genes and molecular pathways involved in monogenic lupus, the implications for genome diagnosis, and the potential therapies targeting these molecular mechanisms.

To date, more than 30 genes have been identified as contributors to monogenic lupus. These genes are primarily related to complement deficiency, activation of the type I interferon (IFN) pathway, disruption of B-cell and T-cell tolerance and metabolic pathways, which reveal the multifaceted nature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis.

In-depth study of the causes of monogenic lupus can provide valuable insights into of pathogenic mechanisms of SLE, facilitate the identification of effective biomarkers, and aid in developing therapeutic strategies.