Background: Motor rehabilitation is a central contributor to motor recovery after stroke. This process could be hampered by stroke-associated cognitive impairments, such as the capability to rapidly follow instructions (Rapid instructed task learning, RITL). RITL was never directly studied in old adults and subjects with stroke. The aim of this study was to assess RITL following stroke and its underlying cognitive determinants. Methods: 31 subjects with chronic stroke and 36 age-matched controls completed a computerized cognitive examination that included an anti-saccade task for measuring prepotent inhibition and processing speed and stimulus-response association task (NEXT) for measuring RITL and proactive inhibition. Results: RITL abilities were impaired after stroke, together with prepotent inhibition and processing speed. A correlation analysis revealed that RITL is associated with prepotent inhibition abilities and with processing speed. Conclusions: Subjects with stroke show impairments in the ability to follow instructions, that may be related to their impaired prepotent inhibition and processing speed. The causal effect of RITL impairments on the responsivity to rehabilitation and on motor recovery should be examined.

The authors have declared no competing interest.

This work was supported by the Israeli Science Foundation grant 1244/22 to LS

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The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:

The study was approved by the Ben-Gurion institutional Helsinki committee (for control subjects) and by the Regional Ethical Review Board at Sheba Medical Center, Israel (Approval Number 6218-19-SMC) (for stroke subjects)

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All data produced in the present study are available upon reasonable request to the authors