The incidence of maxillofacial trauma is possible isolated in the mandible, maxilla, zygoma, orbit, maxillary sinus, and nasal bone or is frequently associated with trauma to other parts of head and neck, including skull fractures, brain trauma with intracranial lesions, and cervical spine injuries and other parts of the body, the thorax, the abdomen, and the extremities (Manodh et al., 2016). When maxillofacial trauma is associated with concomitant injuries, there is a significant potential for increased morbidity levels, thus necessitating immediate multidisciplinary intervention and management (Patil et al., 2018a).

Maxillofacial fractures are at significant risk for associated skull fractures, brain trauma with intracranial lesions, and cervical spine injuries and have significant effects on trauma patients' airway management, diagnostic imaging, and timing of surgical repair for facial fracture (Guruprasad et al., 2014).

The average annual frequency of concurrent traumatic skull, brain, and spinal cord injuries increased, cervical spine injuries occurring in conjunction with moderate and severe head traumas increased (Kaura et al., 2018).

Over the years, the causes of maxillofacial fractures have changed and will continue to change, owing to the socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental factors and differ significantly from one country to another. Nonetheless, road traffic accidents (RTA), violence, falls, sports injuries, industrial accidents, and gunshot wounds and other factors remain the most prevalent injuries causes. Particularly, in many developing countries RTA predominates, while assaults are more common in developing countries (Chandra Shekar and Reddy, 2008). Yet, due to stigma associated with these incidents, most patients that have been involved in an RTA or violence claim that the injuries they have sustained are a result of a fall (Kamath et al., 2012). This failure to provide accurate data may compromise medical professionals’ ability to offer the most appropriate treatment. They also interfere with the efforts to accurately document the causes and patterns of maxillofacial injuries, which is essential for better understanding the community trauma patterns, as well as the origin, severity, and chronological distribution of these injuries, and for creating programs of prevention and treatment (Patil et al., 2018b). Jordan is a Middle Eastern country with 11,333,063 million inhabitants based on the 2023 estimates. For the purposes of providing healthcare, it is segregated into governorates, whereby the Irbid Governorate, located in the northern part of Jordan (with an estimated population exceeding four million people), is served by the tertiary hospital in focus of this investigation.

Traffic accidents accounted for the most occurrence of maxillofacial fractures, according to Traffic Recently national information the Traffic Department of Jordan reported that the number of traffic accidents in 2015 reached 16,339, in 2016 dropped to 8,977, in 2017 rose to 16,246, in 2018 was 16,203, then it rose again in 2019 to 17,013 Table (Manodh et al., 2016).

The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and patterns of maxillofacial fractures and the demographic characteristics of associated head and neck injuries.