Madras BK, Ahmad NJ, Wen J, Sharfstein J. Improving access to evidence-based medical treatment for opioid use disorder: strategies to address key barriers within the treatment system. National academy of medicine 2020. The prevention, treatment, and recovery working group of the action collaborative on countering the U.S. Opioid Epidemic. NAM Perspect. 2020. https://doi.org/10.31478/202004b.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xu KY, Mintz CM, Presnall N, Bierut LJ, Grucza RA. Comparative effectiveness associated with buprenorphine and naltrexone in opioid use disorder and cooccurring polysubstance use. Jama Netw Open. 2022;5(5): e2211363.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wakeman SE, Larochelle MR, Ameli O, Chaisson CE, McPheeters JT, Crown WH, et al. Comparative effectiveness of different treatment pathways for opioid use disorder. Jama Netw Open. 2020;3(2): e1920622.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Haffajee RL, Bohnert ASB, Lagisetty PA. Policy pathways to address provider workforce barriers to buprenorphine treatment. Am J Prev Med. 2018;54(6 Suppl 3):S230–42.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Arfken CL, Johanson CE, di Menza S, Schuster CR. Expanding treatment capacity for opioid dependence with office-based treatment with buprenorphine: national surveys of physicians. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2010;39(2):96–104.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gertner AK, Robertson AG, Powell BJ, Jones H, Silberman P, Domino ME. Primary care providers and specialists deliver comparable buprenorphine treatment quality. Health Aff (Millwood). 2020;39(8):1395–404.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Knudsen HK, Studts JL. Physicians as mediators of health policy: acceptance of medicaid in the context of buprenorphine treatment. J Behav Health Ser R. 2019;46(1):151–63.

Article  Google Scholar 

Manhapra A, Agbese E, Leslie DL, Rosenheck RA. Three-year retention in buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder among privately insured adults. Psychiat Serv. 2018;69(7):768–76.

Article  Google Scholar 

Andraka-Christou B, Simon KI, Bradford WD, Nguyen T. Buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder: comparison of insurance restrictions, 2017–21. Health Aff. 2023;42(5):658–64.

Article  Google Scholar 

Nguemeni Tiako MJ, Dolan A, Abrams M, Oyekanmi K, Meisel Z, Aronowitz SV. Thematic analysis of state medicaid buprenorphine prior authorization requirements. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(6): e2318487.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xu KY, Borodovsky JT, Presnall N, Mintz CM, Hartz SM, Bierut LJ, et al. Association between benzodiazepine or Z-drug prescriptions and drug-related poisonings among patients receiving buprenorphine maintenance: a case-crossover analysis. Am J Psychiatry. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20081174.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Scherrer JF, Sullivan MD, LaRochelle MR, Grucza R. Validating opioid use disorder diagnoses in administrative data: a commentary on existing evidence and future directions. Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2023;18(1):49.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dong HR, Stringfellow EJ, Russell WA, Bearnot B, Jalali MS. Impact of alternative ways to operationalize buprenorphine treatment duration on understanding continuity of care for opioid use disorder. Int J Ment Health Ad. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-022-00985-w.

Article  Google Scholar 

Meinhofer A, Williams AR, Johnson P, Schackman BR, Bao YH. Prescribing decisions at buprenorphine treatment initiation: do they matter for treatment discontinuation and adverse opioid-related events? J Subst Abuse Treat. 2019;105:37–43.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Williams AR, Samples H, Crystal S, Olfson M. Acute care, prescription opioid use, and overdose following discontinuation of long-term buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder. Am J Psychiat. 2020;177(2):117–24.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Xu KY, Huang V, Williams AR, Martin CE, Bazazi AR, Grucza RA. Co-occurring psychiatric disorders and disparities in buprenorphine utilization in opioid use disorder: an analysis of insurance claims. Drug Alcohol Depend Rep. 2023;9: 100195.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chua KP, Fischer MA, Linder JA. Appropriateness of outpatient antibiotic prescribing among privately insured US patients: ICD-10-CM based cross sectional study. BMJ. 2019;364: k5092.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jakubowski A, Lu T, DiRenno F, Jadow B, Giovanniello A, Nahvi S, et al. Same-day vs. delayed buprenorphine prescribing and patient retention in an office-based buprenorphine treatment program. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2020;119:108140.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lim JK, Earlywine JJ, Bagley SM, Marshall BDL, Hadland SE. Polysubstance involvement in opioid overdose deaths in adolescents and young adults, 1999–2018. JAMA Pediatr. 2021;175(2):194–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Park JN, Schneider KE, Fowler D, Sherman SG, Mojtabai R, Nestadt PS. Polysubstance overdose deaths in the fentanyl era: a latent class analysis. J Addict Med. 2022;16(1):49–55.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kennedy AJ, Wessel CB, Levine R, Downer K, Raymond M, Osakue D, et al. Factors associated with long-term retention in buprenorphine-based addiction treatment programs: a systematic review. J Gen Intern Med. 2022;37(2):332–40.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chambers LC, Hallowell BD, Zullo AR, Paiva TJ, Berk J, Gaither R, et al. Buprenorphine dose and time to discontinuation among patients with opioid use disorder in the era of fentanyl. Jama Netw Open. 2023;6(9): e2334540.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Van Zee A, Fiellin DA. Proliferation of cash-only buprenorphine treatment clinics: a threat to the nation’s response to the opioid crisis. Am J Public Health. 2019;109(3):393–4.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Olfson M, Zhang V, King M, Mojtabai R. Changes in buprenorphine treatment after medicaid expansion. Psychiatr Serv. 2021;72(6):633–40.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

McGovern MP, Lambert-Harris C, Gotham HJ, Claus RE, Xie HY. Dual diagnosis capability in mental health and addiction treatment services: an assessment of programs across multiple state systems. Adm Policy Ment Hlth. 2014;41(2):205–14.

Article  Google Scholar 

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Substance abuse and mental health services administration, dual diagnosis capability in addiction treatment toolkit version 4.0. Rockville: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2011.

Google Scholar 

Gertner AK, Clare HM, Powell BJ, Gilbert AR, Jones HE, Silberman P, et al. A mixed methods study of provider factors in buprenorphine treatment retention. Int J Drug Policy. 2022;105:103715.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

McNary AL. Myths and misconceptions: terminating treatment. Innov Clin Neurosci. 2021;18(1–3):49–51.

PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Thomas KC, Ellis AR, Konrad TR, Holzer CE, Morrissey JP. County-level estimates of mental health professional shortage in the United States. Psychiat Serv. 2009;60(10):1323–8.

Article  Google Scholar 

McLean CP, Asnaani A, Litz BT, Hofmann SG. Gender differences in anxiety disorders: prevalence, course of illness, comorbidity and burden of illness. J Psychiatr Res. 2011;45(8):1027–35.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Barbosa-Leiker C, Campbell ANC, McHugh RK, Guille C, Greenfield SF. Opioid use disorder in women and the implications for treatment. Psychiatr Res Clin Pract. 2021;3(1):3–11.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stout MJ, Bedrick B, O’Donnell C, Hernandez J, Carter EB, Kelly J. Access to buprenorphine in pregnancy: minimizing barriers for patients. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;222(1):S626–7.

Article  Google Scholar 

Xu KY, Jones HE, Schiff DM, Martin CE, Kelly JC, Carter EB, et al. Initiation and treatment discontinuation of medications for opioid use disorder in pregnant people compared with nonpregnant people. Obstet Gynecol. 2023;141(4):845–53.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Xu KY, Schiff DM, Jones HE, Martin CE, Kelly JC, Bierut LJ, et al. Racial and ethnic inequities in buprenorphine and methadone utilization among reproductive-age women with opioid use disorder: an analysis of multi-state medicaid claims in the USA. J Gen Intern Med. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-023-08306-0.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Schiff DM, Nielsen TC, Hoeppner BB, Terplan M, Hadland SE, Bernson D, et al. Methadone and buprenorphine discontinuation among postpartum women with opioid use disorder. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021;225(4):424.e1.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Greenfield S, Rosa C, Barbosa-Leiker C, Campbell A, McHugh K, Guille C, et al. Opioid Use Disorder in Women: Evidence from the National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network (CTN) and the Implications for Treatment. Am J Addictn. 2019;28(3):162.

Google Scholar 

Fornili KS, Fogger SA. Nurse practitioner prescriptive authority for buprenorphine: from DATA 2000 to CARA 2016. J Addict Nurs. 2017;28(1):43–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar