Vermont Oxford Network. Very low birth weight database [Available from: https://public.vtoxford.org/data-and-reports/vlbw-database/.

Guttentag S. Respiratory Distress Syndrome. In: Eichenwald EC, Hansen AR, Martin CR, Stark AR, editors. Cloherty and Stark’s Manual of Neonatal Care. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; (2017).

Horbar JD, Edwards EM, Greenberg LT, Morrow KA, Soll RF, Buus-Frank ME, et al. Variation in performance of neonatal intensive care units in the United States. JAMA Pediatr. 2017;171:e164396.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Boghossian NS, Geraci M, Lorch SA, Phibbs CS, Edwards EM, Horbar JD. Racial and ethnic differences over time in outcomes of infants born less than 30 weeks’ gestation. Pediatrics 2019;144:e20191106.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Beltempo M, Isayama T, Vento M, Lui K, Kusuda S, Lehtonen L, et al. Respiratory management of extremely preterm infants: an international survey. Neonatology 2018;114:28–36.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mukerji A, Shah PS, Shivananda S, Yee W, Read B, Minski J, et al. Survey of noninvasive respiratory support practices in Canadian neonatal intensive care units. Acta Paediatr. 2017;106:387–93.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

van Kaam AH, Rimensberger PC. Lung-protective ventilation strategies in neonatology: what do we know-what do we need to know? Crit Care Med. 2007;35:925–31.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shalish W, Anna GMS, editors. Respiratory care protocols in neonatal intensive care (2016).

van Kaam AH, Rimensberger PC, Borensztajn D, De Jaegere AP. Ventilation practices in the neonatal intensive care unit: a cross-sectional study. J Pediatr. 2010;157:767–71.e1-3.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Klingenberg C, Wheeler KI, McCallion N, Morley CJ, Davis PG. Volume-targeted versus pressure-limited ventilation in neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;10:CD003666.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Keszler M. Volume-targeted ventilation: one size does not fit all. Evidence-based recommendations for successful use. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2019;104:F108–F12.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gupta A, Keszler M. Survey of ventilation practices in the neonatal intensive care units of the United States and Canada: use of volume-targeted ventilation and barriers to its use. Am J Perinatol. 2019;36:484–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Healy H, Croonen LEE, Onland W, van Kaam AH, Gupta M. A systematic review of reports of quality improvement for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2021;26:101201.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pfister RH, Goldsmith JP. Quality improvement in respiratory care: decreasing bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Clin Perinatol. 2010;37:273–93.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Balakrishnan M, Raghavan A, Suresh GK. Eliminating undesirable variation in neonatal practice: balancing standardization and customization. Clin Perinatol. 2017;44:529–40.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wennberg JE. Time to tackle unwarranted variations in practice. BMJ. 2011;342:d1513.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Horbar JD, Carpenter JH, Badger GJ, Kenny MJ, Soll RF, Morrow KA, et al. Mortality and neonatal morbidity among infants 501 to 1500 grams from 2000 to 2009. Pediatrics. 2012;129:1019–26.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shalish W, Keszler M, Davis PG, Sant’Anna GM. Decision to extubate extremely preterm infants: art, science or gamble? Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2022;107:105–12.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gupta D, Greenberg RG, Sharma A, Natarajan G, Cotten M, Thomas R, et al. A predictive model for extubation readiness in extremely preterm infants. J Perinatol. 2019;39:1663–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kanbar LJ, Shalish W, Onu CC, Latremouille S, Kovacs L, Keszler M, et al. Automated prediction of extubation success in extremely preterm infants: the APEX multicenter study. Pediatr Res. 2022;93:1041–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Prakash R, De Paoli AG, Davis PG, Oddie SJ, McGuire W. Bubble devices versus other pressure sources for nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023;3:CD015130.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gokce IK, Kaya H, Ozdemir R. A randomized trial comparing the short binasal prong to the RAM cannula for noninvasive ventilation support of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2021;34:1868–74.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sharma D, Murki S, Maram S, Pratap T, Kiran S, Venkateshwarlu V, et al. Comparison of delivered distending pressures in the oropharynx in preterm infant on bubble CPAP and on three different nasal interfaces. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2020;55:1631–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Eze N, Murphy D, Dhar V, Rehan VK. Comparison of sprinting vs non-sprinting to wean nasal continuous positive airway pressure off in very preterm infants. J Perinatol. 2018;38:164–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang CY, Yang MC, Chu SM, Chiang MC, Lien R. A randomized pilot study comparing the role of PEEP, O(2) flow, and high-flow air for weaning of ventilatory support in very low birth weight infants. Pediatr Neonatol. 2018;59:198–204.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Todd DA, Wright A, Broom M, Chauhan M, Meskell S, Cameron C, et al. Methods of weaning preterm babies <30 weeks gestation off CPAP: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2012;97:F236–40.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar