Avery ME, Mead J. Surface properties in relation to atelectasis and hyaline membrane disease. AMA J Dis Child. 1959;97:517–23.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kallapur SG, Jobe AH Lung Development and Maturation. In: Martin RJ, Fanaroff AAWMC (eds). Fanaroff and Martin’s Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, 2-Volume Set. Elsevier Inc., 2020, pp 1124-42.

Fujiwara T, Maeta H, Chida S, Morita T, Watabe Y, Abe T. Artificial surfactant therapy in hyaline-membrane disease. Lancet. 1980;1:55–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wrobel S. Bubbles, Babies and Biology: The Story of Surfactant. FASEB J 2004; 18. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.04-2077bkt.

Polin RA, Carlo WA, Papile L-A, Polin RA, Carlo W, Tan R, et al. Surfactant replacement therapy for preterm and term neonates with respiratory distress. Pediatrics. 2014;133:156–63.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Soll R, Blanco F. Natural surfactant extract versus synthetic surfactant for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. In: Soll R (ed). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000144 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK, 2001.

Moya F, Javier MC. Myth: All surfactants are alike. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2011;16:269–74.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sweet DG, Carnielli VP, Greisen G, Hallman M, Klebermass-Schrehof K, Ozek E, et al. European Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Respiratory Distress Syndrome: 2022 Update. Neonatology. 2023;120:3–23.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ardell S, Pfister RH, Soll R. Animal derived surfactant extract versus protein free synthetic surfactant for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;8:CD000144.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Katz LA, Klein JM. Repeat surfactant therapy for postsurfactant slump. J Perinatol. 2006;26:414–22.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Greenberg JM, Poindexter BB, Shaw PA, Bellamy SL, Keller RL, Moore PE, et al. Respiratory medication use in extremely premature (<29 weeks) infants during initial NICU hospitalization: Results from the prematurity and respiratory outcomes program. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2020;55:360–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ramaswamy VV, Abiramalatha T, Bandyopadhyay T, Boyle E, Roehr CC. Surfactant therapy in late preterm and term neonates with respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2022;107:393–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Roberts D, Dalziel SR. Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth. In: Roberts D (ed). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004454.pub2 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK, 2006.

Piper JM, Xenakis EM, Langer O. Delayed appearance of pulmonary maturation markers is associated with poor glucose control in diabetic pregnancies. J Matern Fetal Med. 1998;7:148–53.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Auten RL, Notter RH, Kendig JW, Davis JM, Shapiro DL. Surfactant treatment of full-term newborns with respiratory failure. Pediatrics. 1991;87:101–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hintz SR, Suttner DM, Sheehan AM, Rhine WD, Van Meurs KP. Decreased use of neonatal Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO): How new treatment modalities have affected ECMO utilization. Pediatrics. 2000;106:1339–43.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dargaville PA. Respiratory support in meconium aspiration syndrome: a practical guide. Int J Pediatr. 2012;2012:1–9.

Article  Google Scholar 

Olicker AL, Raffay TM, Ryan RM. Neonatal respiratory distress secondary to meconium aspiration syndrome. Children. 2021;8:246.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sun B, Herting E, Curstedt T, Robertson B. Exogenous surfactant improves lung compliance and oxygenation in adult rats with meconium aspiration. J Appl Physiol. 1994;77:1961–71.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sun B, Curstedt T, Song G-W, Robertson B. Surfactant improves lung function and morphology in newborn rabbits with meconium aspiration. Neonatology. 1993;63:96–104.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Moses D, Holm BA, Spitale P, Liu M, Enhorning G. Inhibition of pulmonary surfactant function by meconium. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991;164:477–81.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Herting E, Rauprich P, Stichtenoth G, Walter G, Johansson J, Robertson B. Resistance of different surfactant preparations to inactivation by Meconium. Pediatr Res. 2001;50:44–49.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Halliday HL, Speer CP, Robertson B. Treatment of severe meconium aspiration syndrome with porcine surfactant. Eur J Pediatr. 1996;155:1047–51.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Findlay RD, Taeusch HW, Walther FJ. Surfactant replacement therapy for meconium aspiration syndrome. Pediatrics. 1996;97:48–52.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lotze A, Mitchell BR, Bulas DI, Zola EM, Shalwitz RA, Gunkel JH. Multicenter study of surfactant (beractant) use in the treatment of term infants with severe respiratory failure. J Pediatr. 1998;132:40–47.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chinese Collaborative Study Group for Neonatal Respiratory Diseases. Treatment of severe meconium aspiration syndrome with porcine surfactant: a multicentre, randomized, controlled trial. Acta Paediatr. 2005;94:896–902.

Article  Google Scholar 

Konduri GG, Lakshminrusimha S. Surf early to higher tides: surfactant therapy to optimize tidal volume, lung recruitment, and iNO response. J Perinatol. 2021;41:1–3.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

El Shahed AI, Dargaville PA, Ohlsson A, Soll R. Surfactant for meconium aspiration syndrome in term and late preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;2014:CD002054.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mosca F, Colnaghi M, Castoldi F. Lung lavage with a saline volume similar to functional residual capacity followed by surfactant administration in newborns with severe meconium aspiration syndrome. Intensive Care Med. 1996;22:1412–3.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wiswell TE, Knight GR, Finer NN, Donn SM, Desai H, Walsh WF, et al. A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial comparing Surfaxin (Lucinactant) lavage with standard care for treatment of meconium aspiration syndrome. Pediatrics. 2002;109:1081–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dargaville PA, Copnell B, Mills JF, Haron I, Lee JKF, Tingay DG, et al. Randomized controlled trial of lung lavage with dilute surfactant for meconium aspiration syndrome. J Pediatr 2011; 158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.08.044.

Dargaville PA. Innovation in surfactant therapy I: Surfactant lavage and surfactant administration by fluid bolus using minimally invasive techniques. Neonatology 2012;101:326–36.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Arayici S, Sari FN, Kadioglu Simsek G, Yarci E, Alyamac Dizdar E, Uras N, et al. Lung lavage with dilute surfactant vs. bolus surfactant for meconium aspiration syndrome. J Trop Pediatr. 2019;65:491–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fuchimukai T, Fujiwara T, Takahashi A, Enhorning G. Artificial pulmonary surfactant inhibited by proteins. J Appl Physiol. 1987;62:429–37.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Herting E, Gefeller O, Land M, van Sonderen L, Harms K, Robertson B. Surfactant treatment of neonates with respiratory failure and Group B Streptococcal infection. Pediatrics. 2000;106:957–64.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Deshpande S. Surfactant therapy for early onset pneumonia in late preterm and term neonates needing mechanical ventilation. J Clin Diagn Res. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2017/28523.10520 2017.

Rong Z, Mo L, Pan R, Zhu X, Cheng H, Li M, et al. Bovine surfactant in the treatment of pneumonia-induced–neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (NARDS) in neonates beyond 34 weeks of gestation: a multicentre, randomized, assessor-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Pediatr. 2021;180:1107–15.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

González A, Bancalari A, Osorio W, Luco M, González A, Pérez H, et al. Early use of combined exogenous surfactant and inhaled nitric oxide reduces treatment failure in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: a randomized controlled trial. J Perinatol. 2021;41:32–38.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hansmann G, Koestenberger M, Alastalo T-P, Apitz C, Austin ED, Bonnet D, et al. 2019 updated consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric pulmonary hypertension: The European Pediatric Pulmonary Vascular Disease Network (EPPVDN), endorsed by AEPC, ESPR and ISHLT. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2019;38:879–901.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Willson DF, Truwit JD, Conaway MR, Traul CS, Egan EE. The adult calfactant in acute respiratory distress syndrome trial. Chest. 2015;148:356–64.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Spragg RG, Lewis JF, Walmrath H-D, Johannigman J, Bellingan G, Laterre P-F, et al. Effect of recombinant surfactant protein C–based surfactant on the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N. Engl J Med. 2004;351:884–92.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Meng S-S, Chang W, Lu Z-H, Xie J-F, Qiu H-B, Yang Y, et al. Effect of surfactant administration on outcomes of adult patients in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Pulm Med. 2019;19:9.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Spragg RG, Taut FJH, Lewis JF, Schenk P, Ruppert C, Dean N, et al. Recombinant surfactant protein C-based surfactant for patients with severe direct lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;183:1055–61.

Article  CAS  PubMed