Rao, N., Cannella, B. A., Crossett, L. S., Yates, A. J., Jr., McGough, R. L., 3rd., & Hamilton, C. W. (2011). Preoperative screening/decolonization for Staphylococcus aureus to prevent orthopedic surgical site infection: Prospective cohort study with 2-year follow-up. Journal of Arthroplasty, 26(8), 1501–1507.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kurtz, S. M., Lau, E., Schmier, J., Ong, K. L., Zhao, K., & Parvizi, J. (2008). Infection burden for hip and knee arthroplasty in the United States. Journal of Arthroplasty, 23(7), 984–991.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Edwards, C., Counsell, A., Boulton, C., & Moran, C. G. (2008). Early infection after hip fracture surgery: Risk factors, costs and outcome. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume, 90(6), 770–777.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moroski, N. M., Woolwine, S., & Schwarzkopf, R. (2015). Is preoperative staphylococcal decolonization efficient in total joint arthroplasty. Journal of Arthroplasty, 30(3), 444–446.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wertheim, H. F., Vos, M. C., Ott, A., van Belkum, A., Voss, A., Kluytmans, J. A., et al. (2004). Risk and outcome of nosocomial Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia in nasal carriers versus non-carriers. Lancet, 364(9435), 703–705.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Perl, T. M., Cullen, J. J., Wenzel, R. P., Zimmerman, M. B., Pfaller, M. A., Sheppard, D., et al. (2002). Mupirocin and the risk of Staphylococcus aureus study team. Intranasal mupirocin to prevent postoperative Staphylococcus aureus infections. New England Journal of Medicine, 346(24), 1871–1877.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Skråmm, I., Fossum Moen, A. E., Årøen, A., & Bukholm, G. (2014). Surgical site infections in orthopaedic surgery demonstrate clones similar to those in orthopaedic Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriers. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume, 96(11), 882–888.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim, D. H., Spencer, M., Davidson, S. M., Li, L., Shaw, J. D., Gulczynski, D., et al. (2010). Institutional prescreening for detection and eradication of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in patients undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume, 92(9), 1820–1826.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen, A. F., Heyl, A. E., Xu, P. Z., Rao, N., & Klatt, B. A. (2013). Preoperative decolonization effective at reducing staphylococcal colonization in total joint arthroplasty patients. Journal of Arthroplasty, 28(8 Suppl), 18–20.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sporer, S. M., Rogers, T., & Abella, L. (2016). Methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus screening and decolonization to reduce surgical site infection in elective total joint arthroplasty. Journal of Arthroplasty, 31(9 Suppl), 144–147.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Baratz, M. D., Hallmark, R., Odum, S. M., & Springer, B. D. (2015). Twenty percent of patients may remain colonized with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus despite a decolonization protocol in patients undergoing elective total joint arthroplasty. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 473(7), 2283–2290.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mangram, A. J., Horan, T. C., Pearson, M. L., Silver, L. C., & Jarvis, W. R. (1999). Guideline for prevention of surgical site infection, 1999. Centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) hospital infection control practices advisory committee. American Journal of Infection Control, 27(2), 97–132.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Berthelot, P., Grattard, F., Cazorla, C., Passot, J. P., Fayard, J. P., Meley, R., et al. (2010). Is nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus the main acquisition pathway for surgical-site infection in orthopaedic surgery? European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 29(4), 373–382.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Price, C. S., Williams, A., Philips, G., Dayton, M., Smith, W., & Morgan, S. (2008). Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization in preoperative orthopaedic outpatients. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 466(11), 2842–2847.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yano, K., Minoda, Y., Sakawa, A., Kuwano, Y., Kondo, K., Fukushima, W., et al. (2009). Positive nasal culture of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a risk factor for surgical site infection in orthopedics. Acta Orthopaedica, 80(4), 486–490.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chang, S., Sethi, A. K., Stiefel, U., Cadnum, J. L., & Donskey, C. J. (2010). Occurrence of skin and environmental contamination with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus before results of polymerase chain reaction at hospital admission become available. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 31(6), 607–612.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Diekema, D., Johannsson, B., Herwaldt, L., Beekmann, S., Jernigan, J., Kallen, A., et al. (2011). Current practice in Staphylococcus aureus screening and decolonization. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 32(10), 1042–1044.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schweizer, M., Perencevich, E., McDanel, J., Carson, J., Formanek, M., Hafner, J., et al. (2013). Effectiveness of a bundled intervention of decolonization and prophylaxis to decrease Gram positive surgical site infections after cardiac or orthopedic surgery: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ, 13, 346.

Google Scholar 

Yamada, K., Abe, H., Higashikawa, A., Tonosu, J., Kuniya, T., Nakajima, K., et al. (2018). Evidence-based care bundles for preventing surgical site infections in spinal instrumentation surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 43(24), 1765–1773.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Takahashi, Y., Takesue, Y., Uchino, M., Ikeuchi, H., Tomita, N., Hirano, T., et al. (2014). Value of pre- and postoperative meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus screening in patients undergoing gastroenterological surgery. Journal of Hospital Infection, 87(2), 92–97.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Berger, R. A. (2004). Mini-incision total hip replacement using an anterolateral approach : technique and results. Orthopedic Clinics of North America, 35, 143–151.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bertin, K. C., & Rottinger, H. (2004). Antero-lateral mini incision hip replacement surgery : a modified Watson-Jones approach. Clinical Orthopaedics, 429, 248–255.

Article  Google Scholar 

Hardinge, K. (1982). The direct lateral approach to the hip. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume, 64, 17–19.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar