New remains of the Miocene great ape Anoiapithecus brevirostris from Abocador de Can Mata

The local stratigraphic sequence of Abocador de Can Mata (ACM; Alba et al., 2006), located in the Vallès-Penedès Basin (NE Iberian Peninsula) and spanning from ∼12.6 to 11.1 Ma (Moyà-Solà et al., 2009b; Casanovas-Vilar et al., 2011, 2016a, 2016b; Alba et al., 2017, 2022), has yielded fossil hominoid remains attributed to three species: Pierolapithecus catalaunicus from ACM/BCV1 (12.0 Ma; Moyà-Solà et al., 2004); Anoiapithecus brevirostris from ACM/C3-Aj (12.0 Ma) and ACM/C1-E* (12.4–12.3 Ma; Moyà-Solà et al., 2009a; Alba et al., 2013); and Dryopithecus fontani from ACM/C3-Ae, ACM/C4-Ap and, tentatively, ACM/C3-Az (11.9 Ma; Moyà-Solà et al., 2009b; Alba and Moyà-Solà, 2012). Additional remains of ‘Sivapithecus’ occidentalis (species inquirenda) have been recovered from Can Vila and ACM/BCV4 (11.9 Ma; Alba et al., 2020), being potentially attributable to either P. catalaunicus or A. brevirostris, while indeterminate dryopithecine remains have been also recovered between 11.8 and 11.1 Ma (Alba et al., 2017, 2022). Here, we describe hominoid upper teeth recovered in 2006 from locality ACM/C4-Cp, which has an estimated age of 11.9 Ma (Alba et al., 2022) and was located relatively close to, but stratigraphically 16 m below, ACM/C4-Ap (Supplementary Online Material [SOM] Fig. S1), with an estimated age difference of 70 kyr (Alba et al., 2022). The dental remains from ACM/C4-Cp were previously reported by Alba (2012) as Hominidae indet. and by Alba et al. (2017, 2022) as A. brevirostris, but remained unpublished. Here we describe and figure them for the first time and provide morphological and morphometric comparisons to justify their attribution to A. brevirostris.

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