From the Departments of *Anesthesiology

†Perioperative Medicine for Community Healthcare

‡Perioperative Stress Management, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.

Accepted for publication January 18, 2024

Funding: This study was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (21K16556).

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Please contact the corresponding author for data requests.

Address correspondence to Dr Hirotaka Kinoshita, MD, PhD, Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan. Address e-mail to [email protected].