Laparoscopic surgery has been considered as the standard treatment option for gynaecological diseases. Conventional laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) was first described by Canis et al. [1,2] involving less postoperative pain and a shorter hospital stay, however, it is a complex procedure that has been limited by a lack of depth of perception and spatial orientation, due to the two-dimensional (2D) visualization of the intra-abdominal environment. Compared with open surgery, surgeons who operate in three-dimensional (3D) space experience a higher visual and cognitive load [3], [4], [5], which is usually associated with a long learning curve [6]. Since the early 1990s, 3D visualization technology has been proposed for laparoscopy, and 3D vision system has been introduced to overcome the shortcomings of 2D system [7]. Multiple comparative studies have demonstrated that 3D vision significantly improves depth perception and spatial orientation during surgery, and has obvious advantages over 2D vision [8,9]. Unfortunately, such technique is limited in terms of image quality at the early stage, which hampers its clinical application [10]. To our best knowledge, most of the studies have been focused on the effects of 3D visualization on simulated laparoscopic tasks, however, the results are still controversial [11]. This study was designed to compare the 3D and 2D laparoscopy in LRHND for treating early-stage cervical cancer. In addition, we evaluated its advantages and disadvantages based on comparing with those of 2D laparoscopy.