Individual patient data analysis of a pooled database that included patients from four observational studies of ventilation. ΔP and MP were compared among invasively ventilated non–ARDS patients with sepsis, with pneumonia, and not having sepsis or pneumonia. The primary endpoint was ΔP; secondary endpoints included MP, ICU mortality and length of stay, and duration of ventilation.

This analysis included 372 (11%) sepsis patients, 944 (28%) pneumonia patients, and 2040 (61%) patients ventilated for any other reason. On day 1, median ΔP was higher in sepsis (14 [[11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18]] cmH2O) and pneumonia patients (14 [[11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18]]cmH2O), as compared to patients not having sepsis or pneumonia (13 [[10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16]] cmH2O) (P < 0.001). Median MP was also higher in sepsis and pneumonia patients. ΔP, as opposed to MP, was associated with ICU mortality in sepsis and pneumonia patients.