Urological tissue engineering involves the creation of functional biological tissues and organs for the urinary system by combining cells, biomaterials, and bioactive factors to obtain bioengineered tissue constructs that can replace or repair damaged or diseased urological tissues [1]. In the context of urology, tissue engineering can be applied to various urological conditions, such as urinary incontinence, bladder dysfunction, kidney disease, and urethral strictures. Tissue engineering holds great potential for improving treatment options for various urological conditions. By creating functional tissues and organs that closely resemble native tissues, tissue engineering offers the possibility of better outcomes and improvements in quality of life for patients.

While the concept, safety, and feasibility have been demonstrated in a series of animal studies and a clinical trial, the production of precise and consistent tissue constructs specific to each patient’s reconstructive needs is still a barrier. Since disease conditions vary among patients, the manufacture of a patient-specific bioengineered urological tissue is especially challenging. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology has emerged as an innovative solution for the development of precise and reproducible patient-specific personalized tissue constructs and addresses the current translational limitations of biomanufacturing for wide urological applications.