1Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;

2Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;

3Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;

4Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;

5Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA;

6VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA;

7Gastroenterology Section, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Correspondence: Nadim Mahmud, MD, MS, MPH, MSCE. E-mail: [email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL accompanies this paper at https://links.lww.com/AJG/D74